1. Male and Female Reproductive System
The Female Reproductive system can be divided into 2 parts. These parts being:
The Ovarian Cycle
The Menstrual Cycle

2. Female Reproductive System: Ovarian Cycle
Definitions
Ovarian Cycle
The ovarian cycle refers to the series of changes in the ovary during which the follicle matures, the ovum is shed and the corpus luteum develops
Endometrium
Lining of the uterus wall which develops blood vessels for the possible implantation of a zygote. Will shed if implantation does not occur.
Oocyte
Immature egg in the ovary which still needs to go through the process of meiosis. Cannot be fertilized.
Follicle
An immature ovum, an oocyte.
Oogenesis
The process by which an oocyte becomes an ovum. This occurs because of meiosis.
Ovum
A mature egg waiting in the fallopian tube to be fertilized.
Ovulation
Discharge of the ova from the ovary to the fallopian tube. Time a female can get pregnant.
Corpus Luteum
Remainder of the follicle which remains in the ovary after ovulation has occurred.
Ovarian Cycle Diagram
Ovulation 2.mp4

3. Causes follicle to develop Secretes estrogen Causes LH to be secreted
Functions of the Female Reproductive System
FSH
Causes follicle to develop
Follicle
Secretes estrogen
Estrogen
Causes LH to be secreted LH
Causes ovulation
Corpus luteum
Secretes progesterone
Progesterone
Thickens endometrium

4. FYI
A woman will produce approximately 400 ovum in her lifetime.
At puberty a girl has approximately cells in her ovaries capable of becoming ova.
The oocyte is diploid until hormones cause meiosis to occur. Once meiosis is complete the oocyte will be haploid and become an ovum. The process will end after ovulation has occurred.
Out of the 4 haploid daughter cells created during meiosis only one will have become the ovum. The others 3 will usually die.

5. Phase Event Hormones Menstrual Phase (days 1 to 5)
Menstrual Cycle
Menstruation Animation.mp4
Ovulation & the menstrual cycle - Narrated 3D animation.mp4
The menstrual cycle repeats itself every 28 days.
It represents all the periodic changes that take place in the uterus.
Phase
Event
Hormones
Menstrual Phase (days 1 to 5)
Bleeding occurs: expulsion of the lining and unfertilized ovum
Progesterone production decreases
Proliferation Phase (days 6 to 14
Lining of the uterus begins to thicken
Production of estrogen increases
Secretory Phase (days 15 to 28)
Lining of the uterus continues to thicken
Progesterone production increases
Sperm can live in a woman for 24 to 72 hours. An ovum lives 12 to 24 hours.

6. corpus luteum stays intact corpus luteum deteriorates
Fertilization vs non fertilization
Ovum fertilized
Ovum not fertilized
corpus luteum stays intact
corpus luteum deteriorates
progesterone continues to be secreted
progesterone levels decreases
endometrium continues to develop
endometrium sheds
no period
period

7. Secretion which contains some sperm. Occurs before ejaculation.
Male Reproductive System
Males are easy, they have no cycle. Once they start producing sperm during puberty they usually continue till they die.
They can produce approximately 120 million sperms per day.
Definitions
Erection
Penis becomes rigid
Ejaculation
Expulsion of semen
Pre-ejaculation
Secretion which contains some sperm. Occurs before ejaculation.
Spermatogenesis
The process of producing sperm cells through meiosis and mitosis
Need erection to ejaculate, but do not need to ejaculate if an erection occurs.
There is approximately 350 million sperm/ejaculation.
How does an erection occur?
At the onset of sexual arousal, an increase of blood flow to the penis causes the penis to increase in volume.

8. Attachments
Ovulation 2.mp4
Ovulation & the menstrual cycle - Narrated 3D animation.mp4
Menstruation Animation.mp4