1. People
Places
Religion
Events
Words &
Terms
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2. They received few benefits for their long hours of work.

3. serfs

4. People who met to choose the pope.

5. cardinals

6. They held onto the Holy Land despite the Crusades.

7. Muslim Turks

8. They entertained the lord with jokes and pranks.

9. jesters

10. Powerful rulers of nation-states at the end of the Middle Ages.

11. kings

12. Place where a serf lived and worked.

13. Manor or estate

14. Where castles were often built.

15. Cliff or hilltop

16. City where the pope lived.

17. Rome or Vatican City

18. Where an abbot could be found.

19. monastery

20. The pope hoped the Crusaders would capture it.

21. The Holy Land

22. The principal religion of medieval times in Europe.

23. Catholic

24. Supervised the work of priests in his district.

25. bishop

26. Copied Greek and Roman manuscripts.

27. monks

28. A court to investigate heretics (people who committed “crimes against the Church.”)

29. Inquisition

30. Nickname of the period during medieval times when religion was of special importance.

31. “Age of Faith”

32. A time of fear and confusion because of threat of attack.

33. Dark Ages

34. It was also called the Medieval Period.

35. Middle Ages

36. Military expeditions organized by the pope.

37. Crusades

38. This happened when a person committed heresy (crime against the Church).

39. excommunication

40. A popular competitive event that involved lances and horses.

41. Tournament or jousting

42. Gear that protected a knight in battle.

43. armor

44. Travelers who played instruments and sang songs to entertain lords in the countryside.

45. minstrels

46. Relationship between lords (gave land to vassals), vassals (protected lords and serfs), and serfs (worked the land for lords).

47. Feudalism or feudal system

48. A water-filled ditch surrounding a castle, protecting it from attack
A water-filled ditch surrounding a castle, protecting it from attack. A drawbridge was used to cross it.

49. moat

50. Land given to a vassal by a lord.

51. fief