1. Pharmacobotany 2
Lecture 7

2. Familia: Dilleniaceae
Subclassis: DILLENIIDAE several members in flower whorls fruit: follicle, achene
Ordo: Dilleniales
Familia: Dilleniaceae
Dillenia family

3. Dillenia indica

4. Familia: Paeoniaceae Peony family
northern temperate region
cyclic, heterochlamydeous perianth
several stamens, pistil: 3-5 carpels
similarity to Ranunculaceae (Helleboraceae)
! absence of alkaloids, differences in anatomy, karyology

5. Paeonia officinalis ssp. banatica
European / common peony:
triterpenes – toxic
P. officinalis ssp. banatica:
follicle: black, shiny seeds:
powdered: spasmolytic

6. Ordo: Violales Familia: Violaceae Violet family
zygomorphic flowers
capsule
triterpene saponins, mucilage

7. Viola arvensis – field violet/pansy

8. Viola tricolor heartsease
triterpene saponins
sore throat, expectorant

9. Viola odorata sweet violet
Radix et rhizoma:
cough suppressant
Flower: essential oil

10. Familia: Cistaceae Rock rose family
temperate region
rocky and sandy areas
semishrubs
opposite leaf arrangement
several stamens, pistil: 3-5 carpels
mucilage, essential oil, resin

11. Cistus incanus glandular trichomes: balsam solidifies, shiny: ladanum
substitute for amber oil
(cosmetics, insect repellent, Crete - bronchitis)

12. Familia: Passifloraceae Passion flower family
climbing plants
palmately divided leaves – tendrils in leaf axils
floral axis widens - androgynophore

13. Passiflora quadrangularis

14. Passiflora incarnata
vitexin – mild sedative

16. Familia: Caricaceae Papaya family
America – tropical areas
trees similar to palms, leaf rosette at top
cauliflorous inflorescence
articulated laticifers

17. Carica papaya – papaya (pawpaw) tree

18. Carica papaya - papaya
papain

19. Ordo: Cucurbitales Familia: Cucurbitaceae Gourd / Cucurbit family
temperate, (sub)tropical areas
Shoot – tendrils
Leaves: palmately divided or palmately compound
Vascular bundle: bicollateral
Flowers: unisexual, monoecious (dioecious)
Ovary: inferior  modified berry (pepo)
Seed: oil;
Effective compounds: phytosterols, cucurbitacins (triterpenes)

20. Cucurbita pepo squash, gourd, pumpkin

21. Cucumis sativus - cucumber

22. Bryonia alba – white bryony

23. Citrullus lanatus – watermelon

24. Citrullus colocynthis - colocynth

25. Capparis spinosa – caper bush: caper = bud!
Ordo: Capparales
F.: Capparaceae – Caper family
Capparis spinosa – caper bush: caper = bud!

26. Brassicaceae Mustard family
(Cruciferae)
Ca2+2Co4A2+4G(4)or(2)
Fruit: silique or silicle
replum (partititon wall)
Seed: oil
Effective substances: isothiocyanates (mustard oils)
Brassica oleracea

27. Brassica napus – oilseed rape

28. Brassica napus – oilseed rape

29. Brassica nigra – black mustard

30. Sinapis alba – white mustard

31. Armoracia lapathifolia horseradish

32. Raphanus sativus – radish

33. Alliaria petiolata hedge garlic

34. Alliaria petiolata hedge garlic

35. Capsella bursa-pastoris – shepherd’s purse

36. Capsella bursa-pastoris – shepherd’s purse

37. F: Salicaceae Willow family
Ordo: Salicales
trees with catkins
capsule with several seeds phenolic glycosides
F: Salicaceae Willow family

38. Salix alba – white willow

39. F: Tiliaceae Linden family
Ordo: Malvales
stamens often grow together → tube mucilage (polysaccharides)
F: Tiliaceae Linden family

40. Tilia cordata – small-leaved linden/lime

41. Tilia platyphyllos large-leaved linden/lime

42. Tilia tomentosa – silver linden/lime

43. Familia: Sterculiaceae Chocolate family
tropical trees, shrubs
capsule with multiple seeds

44. Familia: Sterculiaceae
Theobroma cacao cacao/cocoa tree
cauliflory

45. Cola acuminata – cola tree (W-Africa)

46. Malvaceae Mallow family
Leaves: palmately divided (e.g. lobed)
glandular trichomes: (bi)carbonate excretion
Flower: double calyx, fused stamens  column
Fruit: capsule or mericarps
Effective substance: mucilaginous polysaccharides

47. Althaea officinalis – marsh mallow

48. Malva neglecta – common mallow (cheeseweed)

49. Malva sylvestris – tall mallow

50. Gossypium hirsutum – Mexican cotton
seed hairs  Lana gossypii: cotton wool
cottonseed oil: cooking oil

51. Hibiscus sabdariffa - roselle