1. High Middle Ages: Coming Out of the Dark
1100 – 1300 CE

2. Peace and Prosperity Factors
Revitalization of the Church (Crusades)
Agricultural revolution and rise of feudalism
Revival of trade and the urban revolution
Rise of national monarchies
Development of universities
Architecture: cathedrals and castles

3. Medieval Church Hierarchy

4. The Church Takes Charge
Peace of God: 989 CE
No stealing from church
No assaulting clerics, women, peasants
Excommunication
Truce of God: 1027 CE
No fighting Thursday-Monday, feast days, holy days
No killing Christians
Led to justification for Crusades
Created a Paradox: Peace & Truce of God created to bring order and civility to society, yet this peace movement also contributed to idea of the righteousness of holy war

5. Church Takes Charge, cont’d
Church Schism: 1054 CE
Pope and Patriarch excommunicate each other
Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox
War of Investitures: 1075 CE
Who gets to invest bishops? Pope or King?
50 years of bloodshed
Concordat of Worms: 1112 CE
King invests bishops and abbots as vassal of empire
Pope then gives staff and ring

6. The Crusades CE

7. The Crusades Effects Contact with Muslims
Reduced internal warring in Europe
Papacy gains prestige as defender of Christendom
Rise of trade in Italy (transporting men, supplies)
Contact with Muslims
New foods, bathing, fine Asian goods
Scientific and cultural knowledge
Islamic learning schools established in France and Spain

8. Agricultural Revolution
Three-field rotation
Heavy plough and horse collar
Windmills and water power
Led to population growth and urban renewal

9. Agricultural Revolution

10. Feudalism Mutual obligation from serf to noble
Fief = land given by a king to a vassal
Vassal = knight or lord owning fief
Serfs = villeins or peasants who work land
Tithe = tax or rent paid by serfs to church or knight

12. Trade and Urbanization

13. England William the Conqueror (Norman) invades in 1066
Norman Legacies: castles, language, Doomsday Book

14. Norman Legacies Doomsday Book, 1086 Magna Carta, 1215
King William conducts a massive survey to determine value of his conquest
Meticulously detailed records allow us to reconstruct English society at the time
Magna Carta, 1215
King John (brother of Richard the Lion-Heart, son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine)
Excesses of extortion and other abuses triggered unrest
Angry nobles forced him to sign the Great Charter which limited the power of the King
Founding of English constitutional law and liberties
King is subject to the law

15. Universities Greek and Roman classics rediscovered Summa Theologica
St. Thomas Aquinus ( )
12th Century Renaissance
Greek and Roman classics rediscovered
Universities established in Bologne, Paris, Oxford
Trivium and Quadrivium
Summa Theologica
Reconciled reason and faith

16. Architecture
Romanesque to Gothic

17. Castles
A fortified private residence of a lord or noble (palace is not fortified)
Established by Norman invaders for defensive purposes and to pacify the locals
Castles declined with the advancement of cannon fire

18. Features of a Castle Motte Bailey Keep Earthen mound with flat top
To excavate, a ditch emerged around motte (moat) and was sometimes filled with water for extra defence
Bailey
Fortified enclosure
Keep
On top of the motte
Home of the lord
Last defence; strongest part of a castle

19. Motte and Bailey Castle

20. Later Castles

21. Puzzle Activity Work in a group of ~7 people
Select a topic below, conduct research, share info with group
Monasticism and Spiritualism ( )
Monastic Women ( )
Knighthood and Chivalry ( )
Apprenticeship of a Knight ( )
Daily Life in a Castle (551)
Birth, Marriage, Death (554)
Women ( )