1. Diesel Regulations Affecting Public Fleets PFSA Meeting May 17, 2007 Chris W Dutton A-Z Bus Sales Emission Solutions Group

2. Agenda Introduction Introduction Background on ARBs Diesel Risk Reduction Plan Background on ARBs Diesel Risk Reduction Plan Overview of the On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCM Overview of the On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCM Technology: Retrofit and 2007 Technology: Retrofit and 2007 Upcoming Regulations Upcoming Regulations Questions Questions

3. Background: Diesel Risk Reduction Plan

4. Background In 1998, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) identified particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines as a toxic air contaminant (TAC) In 1998, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) identified particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines as a toxic air contaminant (TAC) Over 1 million on-road & off-road vehiclesOver 1 million on-road & off-road vehicles 16,000 stationary engines16,000 stationary engines 50,000 portable engines50,000 portable engines

5. Background Why is ARB going after diesel PM? Why is ARB going after diesel PM? Cancer risk of over 500 cases per million people (on a statewide basis)Cancer risk of over 500 cases per million people (on a statewide basis) Even higher risk for urban areasEven higher risk for urban areas South Coast Air Basin: the cancer risk is estimated to be 1000 cases per million people South Coast Air Basin: the cancer risk is estimated to be 1000 cases per million people Compared to other air toxics that ARB has regulated, diesel PM accounts for 70% of total ambient air riskCompared to other air toxics that ARB has regulated, diesel PM accounts for 70% of total ambient air risk

6. Why are we doing this?

7. EPA Emission Standards

8. Background To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan (DRRP) in 2000 To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan (DRRP) in 2000 Goal: significantly reduce diesel PM emissionsGoal: significantly reduce diesel PM emissions Three components:Three components: Stringent standards for new engines Stringent standards for new engines Retrofit requirements for existing engines Retrofit requirements for existing engines Control sulfur-content of diesel fuel Control sulfur-content of diesel fuel

9. Background As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended several air toxic control measures (ATCMs) As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended several air toxic control measures (ATCMs) ATCMs already adopted: ATCMs already adopted: Transit busesTransit buses Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles Stationary enginesStationary engines Portable equipmentPortable equipment Transportation refrigeration enginesTransportation refrigeration engines Idling controlsIdling controls 2007 model year emission standards for heavy-duty trucks and off-road equipment2007 model year emission standards for heavy-duty trucks and off-road equipment Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuelUltra-low sulfur diesel fuel

10. On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCM

11. Overview At the December 8, 2005 Board hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet ATCM At the December 8, 2005 Board hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet ATCM Continuation of the work directed by the DRRPContinuation of the work directed by the DRRP Does not apply to any public vehicles that were already covered in previous ATCMs:Does not apply to any public vehicles that were already covered in previous ATCMs: Solid waste collection vehicles Solid waste collection vehicles Public transit vehicles Public transit vehicles School buses School buses

12. Overview On-road diesel heavy-duty vehicles with a model year from 1960-2006 On-road diesel heavy-duty vehicles with a model year from 1960-2006 Manufacturers Gross Vehicle Weight greater than 14,000 lbs Manufacturers Gross Vehicle Weight greater than 14,000 lbs Owned, leased, or operated by any municipality or utility company Owned, leased, or operated by any municipality or utility company

13. Regulatory Approach Requires that the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) be installed Requires that the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) be installed Vehicle-by-vehicle basis Vehicle-by-vehicle basis Phased-in compliance schedule based on engine model year Phased-in compliance schedule based on engine model year

14. BACT Definitions 1)Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified to the new 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standard for new 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007); 2)Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified to a 0.1 g/bhp-hr standard (1994 and above) AND install the highest level verified Diesel Emission Control Strategy (DECS); 3)Replace or repower vehicle with an alternative- fuel, heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or gasoline engine; or, 4)Install the highest level verified DECS on an existing engine.

15. BACT (Contd) DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of three levels: DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of three levels: Level 1 – greater than 25% reductionLevel 1 – greater than 25% reduction Level 2 – greater than 50% reductionLevel 2 – greater than 50% reduction Level 3 – greater than 85% reductionLevel 3 – greater than 85% reduction Responsibility of owner to find highest level of DECS for each engine Responsibility of owner to find highest level of DECS for each engine Note that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on Group 1 engines (1960-1987) Note that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on Group 1 engines (1960-1987) except for low population countiesexcept for low population counties

16. BACT by Yr. and Temperature

17. Latest Notice from CARB on BACT Make sure you follow Executive Orders on the CARB Verification page Make sure you follow Executive Orders on the CARB Verification page Match engine years, manufacturer, & Match engine years, manufacturer, & engine family number (which can be a challenge to find) engine family number (which can be a challenge to find) A new statement from CARB has just been released and listed on the next slide A new statement from CARB has just been released and listed on the next slide

18. Latest Mail out on applying BACT DECS installed on inappropriate engines, vehicles, and/or applications, or operated in a manner that is not compliant with the Executive Order are not verified configurations. Such configurations will not satisfy the BACT requirement of ARB fleet rules, and could expose owners of affected vehicles or equipment to potentially significant civil penalties and fines. DECS installed on inappropriate engines, vehicles, and/or applications, or operated in a manner that is not compliant with the Executive Order are not verified configurations. Such configurations will not satisfy the BACT requirement of ARB fleet rules, and could expose owners of affected vehicles or equipment to potentially significant civil penalties and fines. Go to this website for a complete copy: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_07. htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_07. htm) http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_07. htm

19. Compliance Schedule

20. Engine Near Retirement Extension Retirement: Retirement: Sale outside of CaliforniaSale outside of California Scrappage of the engineScrappage of the engine Conversion to a low-usage vehicleConversion to a low-usage vehicle If engine is within 1 year of retirement If engine is within 1 year of retirement Get 1 year extensionGet 1 year extension

21. Early Implementation Extension Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of vehicles in this group before Dec 31, 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012 Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of vehicles in this group before Dec 31, 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012 Similar extension for Group 2 Similar extension for Group 2

22. Early Implementation will enable you to plan for retirement By delaying implementation you can budget to add new 2007 compliant vehicle By delaying implementation you can budget to add new 2007 compliant vehicle The new 2007 engine will have an active Diesel particulate Filter The new 2007 engine will have an active Diesel particulate Filter There will be other changes made to the vehicle. But a vehicle with a 2007 engine will be compliant in CA. You will still have to clean the DPF core There will be other changes made to the vehicle. But a vehicle with a 2007 engine will be compliant in CA. You will still have to clean the DPF core

23. Changes in 2007

25. Catalyst Core

26. Diesel Particulate Filter Passively Regenerating DPF. Temp. sensitive Precious metal catalyst on Silicon Carbide (SiC) substrate Modular muffler style product format PM, HC and CO reductions of >85%

28. Passed Failed Note: both graphs are for same engine model

29. What you should be doing now? Use a spreadsheet to separate your vehicles into Group 1, 2, or 3 Use a spreadsheet to separate your vehicles into Group 1, 2, or 3 Year of your vehicles, horsepower and temperature will help determine BACT Year of your vehicles, horsepower and temperature will help determine BACT Data log a percentage of your vehicles. Your emission contractor can complete or buy your own data logger Data log a percentage of your vehicles. Your emission contractor can complete or buy your own data logger

30. What you should be doing now? Data logging results will determine whether you will need a passive or active diesel particulate filter Data logging results will determine whether you will need a passive or active diesel particulate filter With this preliminary work done you can now move forward to order emission devices With this preliminary work done you can now move forward to order emission devices Remember that lead time for delivery of product is running 3-8 weeks today and could get longer in the future Remember that lead time for delivery of product is running 3-8 weeks today and could get longer in the future

31. Regeneration Cycle

32. Active Regeneration

33. CAT Acert Regeneration System

34. Active Regeneration Filter

35. Temperatures

36. Horizon EPF Air pump box Plug & socket Thermocouples Controls box Exhaust flow Insulated PM filter Wiring harness Electric heater Engine exhaust inspection port Backpressure & temp ports

37. Horizon System Schematic Electric Heater Module Air Pump System Controls Grid Power 208/240 V 18 Amp Max draw Exhaust Flow PM Filter On-board Vehicle Engine RPM, Boost Outlet temp Backpressure & inlet temp Notification lights

40. How It Works (Pulsing Flow) Blower provides constant low flow for ash entrapment Blower provides constant low flow for ash entrapment Air tank builds to 10 PSI from shop air Air tank builds to 10 PSI from shop air Diaphragm opens and releases high flow pulse ( 1 every 20 seconds) Diaphragm opens and releases high flow pulse ( 1 every 20 seconds) 1 cleaning cycle is 15 minutes 1 cleaning cycle is 15 minutes

42. Installation Due to its weight, additional support brackets may be required Due to its weight, additional support brackets may be required For a direct fit replacement, remove the original muffler and install the DPF using new clamps For a direct fit replacement, remove the original muffler and install the DPF using new clamps Depending on the temperature trace, wrapping the filter with a heat blanket may be required Depending on the temperature trace, wrapping the filter with a heat blanket may be required If mounted rigidly to the chassis, use flex before the DPFs inlet side to isolate engine vibrations If mounted rigidly to the chassis, use flex before the DPFs inlet side to isolate engine vibrations

43. Upcoming Regulations

44. Approaches include: Approaches include: Accelerated turnover to cleaner enginesAccelerated turnover to cleaner engines Retrofit with BACTRetrofit with BACT Idling limitationsIdling limitations Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or inspectionsRegistration, record keeping, reporting, and/or inspections Next workshop is coming soon Next workshop is coming soon Diesel Off-Road Equipment

46. Group Engine Model Years Compliance Phase-in Dates 25%50%75%100% 1Pre-19882007200820092010 21988-19952008200920102011 31996-20022009201020112012 42003-20062010201120122013 52007-2014 Model Year (MY) + 4 MY + 5 MY + 6 MY + 7

48. Rule Overview Fleet Size Category Description Compliance Dates Small <1500 HP & Small business or municipality or Low population county municipality fleet 2015-2025 PM only Medium 1501-5000 HP and not small CA state and US Govt. 2010-2020 PM & NOx Large 5001 HP>, Private Owned 2009-2020 PM & NOx

59. Useful Websites Diesel Risk Reduction Plan Diesel Risk Reduction Plan http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htm Public Fleets Public Fleets http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htm http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htm Off-Road Diesel Equipment Off-Road Diesel Equipment http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htm Off-Road LSI Equipment Off-Road LSI Equipment http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htm

60. Questions?

61. Contact Information A-Z Bus Sales 3418 52 nd Ave Sacramento CA 95823 Office 916-399-2911 Cell 916-919-7813