1. The Overall Strategic Setting

2. Agenda
Road to War
Objectives
Strategies
Political leaders

3. Jefferson Davis
Davis’ excellent performance at Buena Vista will catapult him to national attention and he will become a capable Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce
However, he will also develop a confidence in his own military abilities that will not serve him well as President of the Confederacy

4. Civil War: Causes Slavery States rights vs centralized government
Agrarian vs industrialized way of life
Cultural differences
(Doughty, 102)

5. Road to War
Nullification Crisis (1832) -- Responding to a high cotton tariff, South Carolina declares a state can void any act of Congress it feels is unconstitutional
Mexican War ( ) -- viewed by some as a Southern attempt to expand slavery
Wilmot Proviso (1846) fails. Would have formally renounced any intention to introduce slavery into lands seized from Mexico
John Calhoun argued that each state was sovereign and the Constitution was a compact among sovereign states.

6. Road to War (cont)
Missouri Compromise (1820) -- Maine admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave, but no other slave states from the Louisiana Purchase territory would be allowed north of Missouri’s southern boundary
Compromise of California admitted as a free state; slavery in New Mexico and Utah territories to be determined by popular sovereignty; the prohibition of the slave trade prohibited in the District of Columbia; a more stringent fugitive slave law

7. Road to War (cont)
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) -- popular sovereignty; effectively overturns Missouri Compromise
Harper’s Ferry and John Brown (1859)
Lincoln elected (Nov 6, 1860)
South Carolina votes to secede (Dec 20, 1860)
Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, Florida, and Texas follow

8. Road to War (cont) Lincoln takes office (March 4, 1861)
Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861)
Lincoln requests 75,000 three-month volunteers (April 15, 1862)
Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee secede

9. States in the Civil War

10. Objectives North South Restore Union Hold on to de facto independence
Therefore couldn’t completely alienate or destroy the South or the Southern people
South
Hold on to de facto independence
Continue the struggle long enough for the North to tire of it
Similar to American colonists

11. Strategy North South Secure border states Anaconda Plan
Still need to go on offensive to win
Anaconda Plan
Blockade
Secure the Mississippi River and cut the South in two
Wait
Capture Richmond
Anaconda Plan would take too long
In June 1861, Lincoln orders an advance on Richmond
South
Defend at the border
Political pressure to defend all territory
Maintain legitimacy through territorial integrity
Protect slavery
Offensive-defensive
Allow Northern thrust to develop
Determine the main axis
Concentrate and counterattack at an advantageous time

12. Scott’s Anaconda Plan
Blockade the Southern ports and stop all imports and exports.
The blockade would stop the sale of agriculture goods drying up the money supply and the blockade would stop the receiving of war martial from foreign nations.
Recapture the Mississippi River. 
By recapturing the Mississippi River the South would be cut in half making communications difficult between the two sections.

13. Scott’s Anaconda Plan
After the wearing down of the peoples’ resolve to make and sustain a war march to and capture the Confederate capital.
Although initially rejected, Scott’s plan became the de facto Federal strategy in execution

14. Blockade Running

15. Comparison North South 20 million people
110,000 manufacturing establishments
22,000 miles of railroad
75% of nation’s total wealth
16,000 man Army and 90 ship Navy
South
9 million people (5.5 million whites)
18,000 manufacturing establishments
8,500 miles of railroad
Wealth lay in land and slaves (non-liquid)
No existing military
(Doughty, )

16. Comparison North South
Had to project forces across large and hostile territory
Requirement for offense
Had to maintain supply lines
Fighting to regain preexisting status quo
South
Could take advantage of interior lines
Could win by only succeeding on the defense
Friendly territory and population
Fighting for homeland and independence
(Doughty, 108)

17. Next
Vicksburg Strategic Setting