1. Energy: Forms and Changes

2. Questions to think about
What is energy?
Does energy come in different forms?
What do we need energy for?
Can we make energy?
Is all energy the same?
Where does energy come from?

3. Nature of Energy Energy is all around you!
You can hear energy as sound.
You can see energy as light.
And you can feel it as wind.

4. Nature of Energy You use energy when you: hit a softball.
lift your book bag.
compress a spring.

5. Living organisms need energy for growth and movement.
Nature of Energy
Living organisms need energy for growth and movement.

6. Nature of Energy Energy is involved when: a bird flies.
a bomb explodes.
rain falls from the sky.
electricity flows in a wire.

7. Nature of Energy What is Energy? Energy = to do work.
If an object or organism does work (exerts a force to move an object) the object or organism uses energy.

8. States of Energy: Potential and Kinetic
All energy can be categorized as Potential or Kinetic energy.
Potential Energy is stored energy.
Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

9. Kinetic vs. Potential Practice
Classify the following as a type of potential energy or kinetic energy (use the letters K or P)
1. A bicyclist pedaling up a hill _____ An archer with his bow drawn _____
3. A volleyball player spiking a ball ___ A baseball thrown to second base ____
5. The chemical bonds in sugar ____ The wind blowing through your hair _____
7. Walking down the street _____ Sitting in the top of a tree _____
9. A bowling ball rolling ____ A bowling ball sitting on the rack _____ K P K K P K K P K P

10. Common Forms of Energy Some common forms of energy are: Chemical
Electrical
Electromagnetic
Thermal/Radiant
Nuclear
Mechanical
Gravitational
Elastic
Sound

11. Name as many of the types of energy as you can.
A - Electrical
B – Chemical
C - radiation
D - Mechanical (Kinetic)
E - radiation
F - Mechanical (Potential)
G - Chemical

12. Why Protect Earth’s Environment?
Earth’s environment includes all of the resources, influences and conditions near its surface.
The basic resources:
Air
Water
Land
Sunlight

13. Earth’s Environment Contains: Renewable Resources
Nonrenewable Resources

14. Renewable Resources Examples: Oxygen (O2)
A resource that can be replaced in nature at a rate close to its use.
Examples:
Oxygen (O2)
Trees
Food grown in soil
Energy from the sun

15. Nonrenewable Resources
A resource that exists in a fixed amount that can not be replaced by nature, at the same rate it is used.
Examples:
Fossil Fuels
Metals
Nonmetals
Helium

16. United States of America – Consumption of Resources
You alone consume 40,000 pounds of minerals each year.
Stone and Cement: Building
Silicon: Fiber Optics and Computers
Fertilizers: Farming
Aluminum: Cars, Trucks, etc.

17. What is an Ore?
Any rock that contains enough of a metallic element to make separation profitable.
Examples of resources found in ore rock:
Gold
Silver
Iron
Aluminum
Copper
Aluminum, Copper and Gold

18. Supply and Demand
Reserve: The known deposits of a mineral in ores that are worth mining.

19. Mining of Ores
Underground mines reached by tunnels.

20. Mining of Ores
Near surface through open pit mines.

21. Energy Resources: Nonrenewable Energy
1.What percentage of coal is used in the U.S.?
22.7%
2. What are the three types of fossil fuels?
Coal, natural gas, petroleum

22. Fossil Fuels
Formed from the remains of living organisms that lived on Earth millions of years ago.
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas

23. Fossil Fuels Are nonrenewable.
Finite, found in limited amounts in specific locations on Earth.
Most of the world’s energy come from fossil fuels.

24. Electrical Energy
Most electrical energy is produced as a result of burning fossil fuels
The fossil fuels are combusted to boil water to make steam

25. Coal
Organic sedimentary rock, formed from the decayed remains of: plants
Examples:
Ferns
Mosses
Trees

26. United States of America – Coal Reserves

27. Fast Facts about Coal United States of America
The U.S. produces about 1.1 billion tons (20%) of the world's coal. China is second.
Coal deposits contain more energy than that of all the world's oil reserves.
Each person uses 3.8 tons of coal each year.

28. Coal and the Environment
Coal has a reputation as a dirty fuel source which pollutes the air and damages the landscape.
Coal suppliers are utilizing:
Land Reclamation
Reduction of Air Pollution 
No Scrubbers = More Pollution
Scrubbers= less pollution

29. Environmental Impacts of Burning Coal
Releases large quantities of CO2 into atmosphere = Greenhouse gas
Can cause Climate Change
Releases other pollutants into atmosphere = Mercury, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides
Can cause acid rain

30. Oil (Petroleum)
Liquid formed more than 300 million years ago from the remains of:
Diatoms (sea creatures the size of a pin head) which converted sunlight directly into stored energy.

31. Formation of Oil

32. United States of America – Oil Reserves

33. Oil – Products from 1 Barrel

35. Fast Facts about Oil
Products from oil help us do many things (for example: fuel for airplanes, cars and trucks, heat for homes and to make medicines and plastics).