1. Bacteria

2. Bacteria
Bacteria are microscopic organisms found everywhere- in soil, air, water, the body etc.
You can’t see, taste or smell most bacteria
Most bacteria are harmless- some are helpful- like those that change milk into cheese
Some bacteria known as pathogens are harmful and can cause illness and sometimes death

3. Salmonella Source: Waste of man and animals (esp. poultry)
Salmonella is infectious and can be spread to other people
Foods found in:
Contaminated meat and meat products- especially poultry
Custard, cream, milk and egg products
Salads

4. Salmonella
Symptoms:
Fever, headache, aching limbs, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea, sometimes vomiting
Onset time:
6-72 hours (usually hours)

5. Listeria Source: Soil, water, vegetation, domestic animals, man
Foods found in:
Raw milk, seafood, vegetables, pate, soft cheeses, meat products

6. Listeria Symptoms: Normal host- mild fever, influenza type symptoms
Listeria is particularly dangerous for pregnant women (risk of miscarriage / stillbirth), the elderly, and those with lowered immune systems
Symptoms:
Normal host- mild fever, influenza type symptoms
At risk host- Fever, intense headache, nausea, vomiting, infection of feutus, septicemia, meningitis, still birth
Onset time:
3 days to 3 weeks

7. Staphyloccus aureus Source:
Infected sores, nasal secretions, skin, perspiration, hair
Foods found in:
Contaminated moist protein foods; eggs, fish, meat products

8. Staphyloccus aureus Symptoms:
Abdominal pain, severe vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps- sometimes collapse
Onset time:
1 to 6 hours (usually 2-4 hours)

9. Escherichia coli Source: Large intestine- faeces Foods found in:
Unwashed vegetables, undercooked meat, contaminated water, raw milk

10. Escherichia coli Symptoms:
Severe abdominal cramps, watery diarrhoea, bloody diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting
Onset time:
7 days

11. Campylobacter Source: Waste of man and animals
Campylobacter is infectious and can be spread to other people
Foods found in:
Contaminated meat and meat products, especially poultry
Contaminated water, raw milk

12. Campylobacter Symptoms:
Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting
Onset time:
1 to 10 days (usually 3-5 days)

13. Bacillus cereus Source: Outer casing of rice, environment, animals
Foods found in:
Milk, meats, vegetables, rice, sauces, puddings, soups
There are 2 types of B. cereus;
Diarrhoeal – causing diarrhoea and Emetic- causing vomiting
The emetic toxin type grows well in rice dises

14. Bacillus cereus Symptoms:
Diarrhoeal – nausea, abdominal pains, watery diarrhoea
Emetic – Nausea and vomiting
Onset time:
Diarrhoeal – 8-16 hours after eating
Emetic – 1-6 hours after eating