1. A Novel Link between Inflammation and Cancer
Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer, Sankar Ghosh 
Cancer Cell 
Volume 30, Issue 6, Pages (December 2016)
DOI: /j.ccell
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Regulation and Role of PD-L1 Expression in Cancer Cells
The proinflammatory tumor microenvironment promotes transcriptional and post-translational upregulation of PD-L1, maintaining checkpoint blockade. Activation of NF-κB, IRF, and STAT family transcription factors increases transcription of the Cd274 gene encoding PD-L1. NF-κB activation, for example downstream of TNF binding to TNFR1, directly induces expression of the COPS5 gene encoding CSN5, which deubiquitinates and stabilizes PD-L1 protein.
Cancer Cell  , DOI: ( /j.ccell )
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions