1. Centralised vs. decentralised
Centralised (European Commission is Contracting Authority) – not covered by PRAG
Decentralised
Ex ante: decisions concerning the procurement and award of contracts are taken by the Contracting Authority (CA) and referred to the approval of the relevant EC Delegation
Ex post: decisions are taken by the CA without prior reference to the EC Delegation

2. General rules – negotiated procedure (with prior approval of ECD)
Urgency matters (other than FM about to expiry)
Particular characteristics
Additional deliveries by original supplier
Tender procedure has been unsuccessful, no qualitatively or financially worthwile tender has been received. After cancellation, CA negotiates directly – Negotiation Report attached to contract dossier for approval