1. Today’s Bell Ringer 11 April
Bill Nye – food webs
FSA testing on Monday and Tuesday

2. Along with the definition of the following words – provide an example
13 April
Today’s Bell Ringer
Please Define these words -
Food Chain –
Food Web –
Along with the definition of the following
words – provide an example
Producers –
Primary consumer –
Secondary consumer –
Tertiary consumer –
Trophic level –
Do you remember what autotrophs and heterotrophs are?
Study Guide
Please do all of pages 133 & 134

3. Along with the definition of the following words – provide an example
14 April
Today’s Bell Ringer
In your notebook, think of something you ate this morning and
think about how it came to be in front of you.
It is all about energy transfer.
Please Define these words -
Food Chain –
Food Web –
Along with the definition of the following words – provide an example
Producers –
Primary consumer –
Secondary consumer –
Tertiary consumer –
Trophic level –
Do you remember what autotrophs and heterotrophs are?
Study Guide
Please do all of pages 133 & 134

4. Food Chain

5. Food web

7. Two of Newton’s four laws of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state." This is also commonly referred to as entropy.
10% Rule – The approximate energy of
one trophic level that is transferred to the next
(it is actually less than 10%)

8. What is your food web?
Where does it all begin?

9. A pyramid of numbers shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
tertiary
consumers
secondary
primary
producers 5
5000
500,000
5,000,000 5
A vast number of producers are required to support even a few top level consumers.

10. 10% Rule – The approximate energy of
energy transferred
energy
lost
10% Rule – The approximate energy of
one trophic level that is transferred to the next
(it is actually less than 10%)

11. Biomass is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area.
tertiary
consumers
secondary
primary
producers
75 g/m2
150g/m2
675g/m2
2000g/m2

12. Trophic Cascades – Wolves in Yellowstone National Park
Study Guide
Please do all of pages 139 & 140

13. 15 April
Today’s Bell Ringer
A few days ago you answered the Study Guide Questions on page 134.
Please review your answers then answer the following questions.
Why do scientists collect data?
What should be done with the data they collect?
Can ecological studies be done in a laboratory?
If you were going to study some aspect of the natural world, what would it be?

14. KEY CONCEPT Ecology is the study of the relationships among organisms (biotic/living) and their environment (abiotic/non-living).

15. Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.
Ecology is the study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings.

16. An organism is an individual living thing, such as an alligator.

17. A population is a group of the same species that lives in one area.
Organism

18. A community is a group of different species that live together in one area.
Population
Organism

19. An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

20. A biome is a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there.
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

21. Ecological research methods include observation, experimentation, and modeling.
Observation is the act of carefully watching something over time.
Observations of populations can be done by visual surveys.
Direct surveys for easy to spot species employ binoculars or scopes.
Indirect surveys are used for species that are difficult to track and include looking for other signs of their presence.

22. Experiments are performed in the lab or in the field.
Lab experiments give researchers more control.
Lab experiments are not reflective of the complex interactions in nature.
Field experiments give a more accurate picture of natural interactions.
Field experiments may not help determine actual cause and effect.

23. Computer and mathematical models can be used to describe and model nature.
Modeling allows scientists to learn about organisms or ecosystems in ways that would not be possible in a natural or lab setting.
Ecologists use data transmitted by GPS receivers worn by elephants to develop computer models of the animal’s movements.

24. HOMEWORK
Over the weekend, please spend about 30 minutes looking at the landscape around your home/townhouse/apartment.
Count the number of different plants.
Count the number of different animals (birds, lizards, frogs, insects etc).
Repeat this activity in a nearby natural area, someplace where there isn’t turf grass or homes. The beach counts!
1) You will need to write up your observations in a narrative describing your 30-minute observations from around your home and the natural area.
2) You will also need to make a Table with the data you collected.
Turn in your write up on Monday for a grade.
3) Please summarize you overall observations of the urban and natural landscapes.
Organism
No. of species from around your home
No. of species from the natural area
Plants
Birds
Insects
reptiles
All other animals

25. Today’s Bell Ringer What did you find when you looked at your home
19 April
Today’s Bell Ringer
What did you find when
you looked at your home
landscape vs. a natural area?

26. Biomes are land-based, global communities of organisms.
Biomes – Chapter 15.3
KEY CONCEPT
Biomes are land-based, global communities of organisms.
Study Guide
Please do all of pages 159 and 160

27. Earth has six major biomes.
20 April
Today’s Bell Ringer
Earth has six major biomes.
A biome is a major community of organisms.

28. Tropical rain forest biomes produce lush forests.
Source: World Meteorological Organization
warm temperature
abundant precipitation all year

29. Grassland biomes are where the primary plant life is grass.
Rapid City, South Dakota
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration

30. Grassland biomes are where the primary plant life is grass.
Temperate grasslands are dry and warm during the summer; most precipitation falls as snow.
Tropical grasslands are warm through the year, with definite dry and rainy seasons.

31. Desert biomes are characterized by a very arid climate.
Tucson, Arizona
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
very low amount of precipitation
four types: hot, semi-arid, coastal, and cold

33. Temperate forest biomes include deciduous forests and rain forests.
Temperate deciduous forests have hot summers and cold winters.
Deciduous trees are the dominant plant species.
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
Burlington, Vermont

34. Deciduous trees are the dominant plant species.
Temperate forest biomes include deciduous forests and rain forests.
Temperate deciduous forests have hot summers and cold winters.
Deciduous trees are the dominant plant species.
The temperate rain forests have a long wet season and relatively dry summer.
Ferns and moss cover the forest floor. 

35. The taiga biome is located in cooler northern climates.
Source: Environment Canada
Banff, Canada
boreal forest
long winters and short summers
small amount of precipitation

36. The tundra biome is found in the far northern latitudes with long winters.
Barrow, Alaska
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
winter lasts 10 months
limited precipitation
permafrost

37. Polar ice caps and mountains are not considered biomes.
Polar ice caps have no soil, therefore no plant community.
The climate and organisms found on mountains change as the elevation changes.

38.
Mt. St. Helens
Primary succession

39. A huge problem in every country of the world.
Invasive Species:
A huge problem in every country of the world.
Florida estimates: over 1,000 non-native plants
over 500 non-native animals
An invasive species is one which persists in the environment and grows to such an extent that it displaces native plants and animals. Invasive species usually are not kept in check by pathogens and predators since they did not evolve in those ecosystems.
For the next few minutes, make a list with your neighbor and identify five invasive
animals and five invasive plants – AND what problems they cause.

40. Today’s Bell Ringer Biomes – Chapter 14.5 KEY CONCEPT
21 April
Today’s Bell Ringer
Biomes – Chapter 14.5
KEY CONCEPT
Ecological succession is a process of change in the species that make up a community.
Study Guide
Please do all of pages 153 and 154

41. Succession occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem.
Succession regenerates or creates a community after a disturbance.
a sequence of biotic changes
damaged communities are regenerated
new communities arise in previously uninhabited areas

42. There are two types of succession.
primary succession — started by pioneer species

43. There are two types of succession.
secondary succession — started by remaining species

44. Exotic plants

45. Exotic animals

46. Today’s Bell Ringer Sections that will be covered next week
22 April
Today’s Bell Ringer
Sections that will be covered next week
Study Guide
Pg. 141 – questions 5, 6, & 7
Pg. 142 – questions 8, 9, 10, & 12
Pg. 152 – questions 8 – 12
Pg. 161 – all questions
Pg. 164 – “main Idea” (the table)
Pg. 165 – all questions
Pg. 167 – all questions
Pg. 169 – questions 3 & 4
Pg. 170 – question 5
Pg. 171 – questions 2, 4, & 5
Pg. 172 – question 6
13.5 – Cycling of matter
14.4 – Population Growth Patterns
15.4 – Marine Ecosystems
15.5 – page 474, Ponds and lakes
16.1 – Human Population
16.2 – Air Quality
16.3 – Water Quality
16.4 – Threats to Biodiversity

47. Define the following words:
Decomposer –
Biodiversity –
Limiting factors –
Population density –
Predation –
Biomagnification –
Emigration –
Immigration –
Predators, prey, & carrying capacity –
Ecological disruption (humans altering the environment) –
Carbon cycle –

48. With your book and notes closed, can you answer these question?
3 May
Today’s Bell Ringer
With your book and notes closed, can you answer these question?
What ecological role do Decomposers fulfill (other than break down organic matter)?
Write down one example of poor and good Biodiversity, specifically, what
makes it poor or good?
3. Name three factors that have an affect on Population density. –
4. Write down an example of Biomagnification works. –
5. How does a Predators/prey relationship function?
6. What is Carrying capacity?–
7. List three ways that humans create Ecological disruption.
8. Explain the Carbon cycle.

49. Water cycles through the environment.
The hydrologic, or water, cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth.
Organisms all have bodies made mostly of water.
precipitation
condensation
transpiration
evaporation
water storage
in ocean
surface
runoff
lake
groundwater
seepage

50. Elements essential for life also cycle through ecosystems.
A biogeochemical cycle is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological parts of an ecosystem.
The main processes involved in the oxygen cycle are photosynthesis and respiration.

51. Carbon is the building block of life.
The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere.
Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels.
Some carbon is stored for long periods of time in areas called carbon sinks.
fossil fuels
photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
dissolved in water
decomposition
of organisms
respiration
carbon
dioxide
in air
combustion

52. Carbon sink, fossil fuels, combustion, carbon sequestration,
Non renewable energy

56. 14.4 – Population Growth Patterns 15.4 – Marine Ecosystems
Study Guide
Pg. 141 – questions 5, 6, & 7
Pg. 142 – questions 8, 9, 10, & 12
Pg. 152 – questions 8 – 12
Pg. 161 – all questions
Pg. 164 – “main Idea” (the table)
Pg. 165 – all questions
Pg. 167 – all questions
Pg. 169 – questions 3 & 4
Pg. 170 – question 5
Pg. 171 – questions 2, 4, & 5
Pg. 172 – question 6
13.5 – Cycling of matter
14.4 – Population Growth Patterns
15.4 – Marine Ecosystems
15.5 – page 474, Ponds and lakes
16.1 – Human Population
16.2 – Air Quality
16.3 – Water Quality
16.4 – Threats to Biodiversity

57. Today’s Bell Ringer
4 May
Please get out a sheet of paper and properly redraw this graph and describe what it is illustrating. Then, explain what will happen to the populations when there is a change in the environment (temp, rainfall/snowfall, disturbance) 10 years later. When you are done, please turn it in for a grade.

58. Change in populations of the Showshoe Hare and Lynx from 1850 – 1930
This graph represents a typical predator – prey relationship. First the prey must be present, then a predator grows due to the food resource. The predator’s population will “over shoot” the population of the prey. With fewer prey available, the population of the predators declines until the pressure is reduced on the prey population, the cycle continues as long as the environment can support this relationship.
Change in populations of the Showshoe Hare and Lynx from 1850 – 1930

59. Population growth is based on available resources.
Exponential growth is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources.

61. Predation occurs when one organism captures and eats another.

63. A pyramid of numbers shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
tertiary
consumers
secondary
primary
producers 5
5000
500,000
5,000,000 5
A vast number of producers are required to support even a few top level consumers.

64. Competition and predation are two important ways in which organisms interact.
Competition occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resource.

65. Resource Partitioning
These two lizards are the brown and green anole.
The brown anole is an invasive species?
Resource Partitioning

67. Logistic growth is due to a population facing limited resources.

68. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support.
A population crash is a dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time.

69. Ecological factors limit population growth.
A limiting factor is something that keeps the size of a population down.
Density-dependent limiting factors are affected by the number of individuals in a given area.

71. Study Guide Questions
Page #2
Page 174 – Concept map and #7
From your answer in #7, do you think
humans are helping to protect endangered
species, yes or no. Explain your answer

72. 5 May
Today’s Bell Ringer

73. Bhutan
“Everything You Own In A Photo: A Look At Our Worldly Possessions”
by MITO HABE-EVANS
NPR.ORG August 10, 2010

74. Mali

75. Texas

76. Could there be rare and endangered plants and animals here?
Wekiva State Park. Home to many rare and endangered plants and animals.
Proposed development for homes and town houses. Electricity from power plant, water from the lake is collected and cleaned for use.
Coal powered electricity generating plant
This is Lake Monroe, part of the St. Johns River system, the red line represent the direction of the current.

77. In the map, you can see the site for a new development
In the map, you can see the site for a new development. The site is adjacent to Wekiva State park, which is home to rare and endangered plants and animals. The development site contains 20 acres of undeveloped land.
There are three categories of people who are interested in this project:
The Developer (landowner and companies that build) – owns or has a financial investment in the property
The Residents (adjacent home and land owners) – some people want the development and some do not because they are concerned with loss of biodiversity, more pollution from the power plant and polluted water.
The regulators – people from the city, county, and state government are represented by this group. The Regulators are supposed to help developers meet the standards for safe construction, protect the environment, and monitor the work.

78. Today’s Bell Ringer Please look up and review these definitions:
6 May
Today’s Bell Ringer
Please look up and review these definitions:
Immigration –
Emigration –
Review Abiotic and Biotic –
Desalination – The removal of salt from ocean water.
Knowing how destructive extracting fossil fuels from the earth can be, please think about how humans should regulate their Carbon Footprint moving forward? How should humans deal with this issue?
Stop immediately? – Ban their use/fines? - Gradual shift?
From yesterday – What would happen if the Regulators were not part of the development process?

79. No fossil fuels = no cell phones
No fossil fuels = no cell phones

80. Thermal Plumes from the Pilgrim Power plant, Cape Cod, MA
Pollution discharge plume, Jupiter Inlet, FL 2016
Thermal Plumes from the Pilgrim Power plant, Cape Cod, MA
Comparison of 06/04/00 MTI image of Pilgrim power plant thermal plume to simulated plumes using Pilgrim wind data, National Weather Service wind data and averaged data from the two sources.

81. Immigration/Births Emigrations/Death Year Average Population Change of
Crested Carrara from 1950 to 2012
Emigrations/Death
Immigration/Births
Year

84. Invasive Species

85. There are two types of succession.
More Biodiversity
Less Biodiversity

86. Take it from me, you better study!