1. Japanese SBAS Program: Current Status and Dual-Frequency Trial
IS-GNSS 2016
Tainan, Taiwan
Dec. 5-7, 2016
Japanese SBAS Program:
Current Status and Dual-Frequency Trial
Takeyasu Sakai
Electronic Navigation Research Institute
National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan

2. Contents History Configuration Current Status Continuous Operation
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 1
Contents
History
Configuration
Current Status
Continuous Operation
MSAS Evolution Plan

3. MSAS History (1) ICAO FANS Concept in 1988: GNSS Core Constellations:
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 2
MSAS History (1)
ICAO FANS Concept in 1988:
In 1983, ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) organized the special committee for FANS (Future Air Navigation Systems).
Recommendation: CNS should be modernized in a global manner.
AMSS (aeronautical mobile satellite service);
GNSS (global navigation satellite system); and
ADS (automatic dependent surveillance); all based on satellites.
GNSS Core Constellations:
US and Russia: GPS and GLONASS available for free of direct user charges.
Remaining problem: ‘Integrity’
Capability to generate timely alert in case that the navigation system does not operate with the intended performance.
In ICAO, 'GNSS' means global satellite navigation service with accuracy and integrity available for civil aviation.

4. MSAS History (2) Augmentation Systems: MSAS Program in Japan:
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 3
MSAS History (2)
Augmentation Systems:
A realization of integrity: GIC (GPS integrity channel).
Monitoring GPS signals at the ground stations and transmitting integrity information to the airplane.
ICAO standard of augmentation system providing ‘integrity’ as a GIC:
SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) using geostationary satellites for wide area service; and
GBAS (Ground-Based Augmentation System) with VHF datalink serving near an airport.
Finally documentation of SBAS and GBAS was made effective in 2002.
MSAS Program in Japan:
JCAB (Japan Civil Aviation Bureau) of Ministry of Transport (Reorganized in 2001 to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) decided the development of its own SBAS in 1993.
The system named MSAS, or MTSAT Satellite-based Augmentation System, was originally planned to be operational in 2000.

5. MSAS History (3) MSAS GEO Satellites: Ground facilities:
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 4
MSAS History (3)
MSAS GEO Satellites:
MTSAT (Multi-functional Transport Satellite): Aviation and weather missions.
MTSAT works for AMSS and SBAS services for aviation.
Launch of the MTSAT-1 was unfortunately failed in 1999.
Spare satellites: MTSAT-1R was launched in February 2005.
2nd GEO: MTSAT-2 on the orbit in February 2006.
Ground facilities:
Consists of 2 MCS (KASC and HASC), 4 GMS, and 2 MRS.
MSAS-96 system completed by 1999.
Beginning Operation:
Broadcast test signal since summer 2005.
Certification activities for 2 years.
Finally, MSAS began its operation in September 27, 2007.
Available for Enroute to NPA (non precision approach) flight modes.

6. Original Configuration
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 5
Original Configuration
Ranging Signals
MTSAT-1R
GPS Satellites
Ground
Network
Naha GMS
Fukuoka GMS
Tokyo
GMS
Sapporo
Hitachi-Ota MCS
(and GMS)
Kobe MCS
Hawaii MRS
Australia MRS
Users
MTSAT-2
Augmentation Signals
6 GMS
in Japan
Canberra
MRS
Hawaii
PRN137
PRN129
MSAS Monitor Stations
2 GEO, 2 MCS (Master Control Station), 4 GMS (Ground Monitor Station), and 2 MRS;
MCS also has GMS function; MSAS has 6 domestic monitor stations.
2 MRS (Monitor and Ranging Station) for accurate GEO positioning for ranging function.

7. IS-GNSS Dec Slide 6
MSAS GEO (MTSAT)
MTSAT-1R Spacecraft
3-axis stabilized spacecraft with the standard bus system.
Solar panel at the single side.
Due to installation of equipment for the weather mission.
L-band transponder with the bandwidth of 2.2MHz.
Uplink: Ku-band (13GHz) due to results of frequency coordination.
Also has downlink channel in Ku-band.
For power control of uplink signal because of rain attenuation in Ku-band.

8. MCS Facilities KASC (Kobe Aeronautical Satellite Center) HASC
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 7
MCS Facilities
KASC
(Kobe Aeronautical Satellite Center)
HASC
(Hitachi-Ota Aeronautical Satellite Center)
Western part of Japan
MCS nominal for MTSAT-1R (PRN129)
Backup for MTSAT-2 (PRN137)
Dishes for 2 GEO and emergency
Eastern part of Japan
MCS nominal for MTSAT-2 (PRN137)
Backup for MTSAT-1R (PRN129)
Dishes for 2 GEO

9. MTSAT Coverage (Fukuoka FIR) MTSAT-1R @140E MTSAT-2 @145E
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 8
MTSAT Coverage
(Fukuoka FIR)
MTSAT-2 @145E
FIR: Flight Information Region

10. Current Status MSAS: Japanese SBAS in operation.
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 9
Current Status
MSAS: Japanese SBAS in operation.
MTSAT Satellite-based Augmentation System.
Operational since Sept. 27, 2007.
Continue operation with 2 signals via 1 GEO.
MTSAT-1R decommissioned in Dec
Hawaii and Australia MRS sites are decommissioned in Feb
Service for Air Navigation
GPS Augmentation Information for RNAV, from En-route through NPA (RNP 0.3).
Within Fukuoka FIR.
Only horizontal navigation due to ionosphere activities.
NOTAM is available to MSAS users.
Alert for Service Interruption.
Alert for Predicted Service Outage.

11. Current Configuration
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 10
Current Configuration
Ranging Signals
GPS Satellites
Ground
Network
Naha GMS
Fukuoka GMS
Tokyo
GMS
Sapporo
Hitachi-Ota MCS
(and GMS)
Kobe MCS
Users
MTSAT-2
Augmentation Signals
6 GMS
in Japan
PRN137
PRN129
MSAS Monitor Stations
1 GEO, 2 MCS (Master Control Station) and 4 GMS (Ground Monitor Station);
MCS also has GMS function; MSAS has 6 domestic monitor stations.
MTSAT-2 is broadcasting 2 signals from 2 MCS (PRN129 and PRN137).

12. Performance of MSAS GPS only GPS only MSAS PRN129 MSAS PRN137
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 11
Performance of MSAS
GPS only
GPS only
Horizontal
0.722m RMS
Horizontal
0.717m RMS
MSAS PRN129
MSAS PRN137
GEONET (Takayama) 16/8/8-12 (5 days)
PRN129 and PRN137 Broadcast Signal

13. Integrity Performance
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 12
Integrity Performance
Loss of Availability
Loss of
Availability
& Integrity
HAL=556m
Horizontal Protection Level (HPL), m
Loss of
Integrity
Normal
Operation
Loss of
Integrity
Actual Error, m

14. Implementation of RNP/RNAV
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 13
Implementation of RNP/RNAV
Tanegashima
Yakushima
Izumo
Oki
Niijima
Kozushima
Fukui ●
Toyama
Okierabu
Chofu
Tarama
Amami
Shonai
Tokunoshima
Yoron
Akita
Kumamoto
Miyazaki
Tottori
Yamaguchi-Ube
New Chitose
Hakodate
Asahikawa
Kagoshima
Oita
Kita Kyushu
Nagasaki
Komatsu
Hiroshima
Okayama
Miho
Iwakuni
Kochi
Matsuyama
Osaka
Tokushima
Niigata
Oodate-noshiro
Sendai
Haneda
Naha
Ishigaki
Miyako ◆
Narita
Kansai
Kobe
Fukuoka
Chubu
Nagoya
Takamatsu
Southwestern Islands
●　RNAV Approach 　 17　airports
RNP Approach 　 　 15　airports
Basic RNP 　 　airports
●　RNP AR Approach 12　airports
◆　RNAV 　　 30 airports
As of August (RNAV / RNP Approach 50 airports)

15. Continuous Operation Current status: Replacement in 2020:
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 14
Continuous Operation
Current status:
MTSAT-1R decommissioned in MTSAT-2 will be in 2020.
2 MRS sites decommissioned in 2015.
The ground facilities need to be upgraded: It is difficult to maintain 20-year old equipment.
Replacement in 2020:
MSAS continues operation with 1 GEO (MTSAT-2) and 6 GMS by 2020.
In 2020, MSAS will continue operation with a GEO of the QZSS.
QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System): Japanese regional satellite navigation system with IGSO and GEO satellites.
The L1Sb signal of QZS-3 (GEO) will be used for MSAS service.
MCS equipment will also be fully replaced at the same time.
7 GMS will be added: Totally 13 GMS domestic.
Performance will be similar with the current MSAS: Horizontal only.

16. Improvement Plan Supporting vertical guidance:
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 15
Improvement Plan
Supporting vertical guidance:
Vertical guidance: LPV and LPV-200 operation.
Need software upgrade:
Adding GMS cannot overcome ionospheric effects.
ENRI has been developed the improved algorithms for ionospheric correction.
Will be supported in accordance with introduction of the 2nd GEO in 2023.
Dual-Frequency operation:
Eliminates ionospheric effects dramatically.
Robust vertical guidance (LPV and LPV-200) in the whole Japanese airspace.
QZSS GEO will have the L5S signal useable for L5 SBAS.
ENRI will begin L5 SBAS experiment in 2018 with QZSS satellites.
The first opportunity of the L5 SBAS signal from the space.
Expects participation to this experiments from Asian countries.

17. MSAS Evolution Plan L5 SBAS trial since 2018.
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 16
MSAS Evolution Plan
L5 SBAS trial since 2018.
Replacement to the new QZSS-based system in 2020.
LPV/LPV-200 upgrade in 2023 and L5 SBAS implementation after that.

18. Conclusion MSAS has been operational since Sept. 2007.
IS-GNSS Dec Slide 17
Conclusion
MSAS has been operational since Sept
An operational SBAS in accordance with ICAO standards.
Service: Horizontal navigation (Enroute to NPA performance).
Continues operation with MTSAT-2 GEO.
MSAS evolution plan:
Replacement to the fully new
system and new GEO in 2020.
Upgrade for vertical guidance
in 2023 with the 2nd GEO.
Dual frequency L5 SBAS trial
since 2018 with real signals.
Contact for more information:
Dr. Takeyasu Sakai
Electronic Navigation Research Institute
National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan