1. Ecological Footprint Mathis Wackernagel www.FootprintNetwork.org

4. Exponential growth model: Nt = N0 e(rt)
Figure 10.2

5. Theoretical survivorship curves
Figure 10.9
Survivorship curves fall into three general idealized types

7. Territoriality

8. If C>E, P increases; If C<E, P decreases Pequilibrium= 1-e/m
equilibrium point,
Where
0 = [mP(1-P)] - eP
Fundamental idea of metapopulation persistence is a dynamic balance between the extinction of local populations and recolonization of empty habitat patches
Metapopulation size: fraction of (discrete) habitat patches (P) occupied at any given time
E e -probability of extinction
M - probability of colonization
If C>E, P increases; If C<E, P decreases
Pequilibrium= 1-e/m

9. Increasing patch size functions to decrease the rate of extinction
Increasing distance from neighbourin patches functions to decrease the rate of colonization

10. cattails Figure 13.12a Niche overlap
Fundamental niche – full range of conditions and resources under which a species can survive
Real;iized niche – portion of fundemental niche actually occupied because of competition

12. Figure 13.1c

13. kestrel
vole
weasel
Figure 14.4
warbler

14. Optimal foraging theory
Figure 14.10b
Net energy gain per unit of time

15. Fundamental niche Figure 2.17
All living organisms have a range of environmental conditions under which they can survive, grow and reproduce
Shade/sun tolerance
The set of adaptations defines the fundamental niche of species 15

16. Physical structure Figure 16.5
Communities have physical structure (form and structure)
Both zones: decomposotion is in bottom layer, energy fixing on top
Terrestrial has more stratitification and complexity (strat. In water is physical; strat. In woods is biological
In aquatic ecosystems: photic, aphotic and benthic zones

17. Organismic concept of communities
Figure 16.12a

18. Continuum concept of communities
Figure 16.12b
Transitions are gradual and difficult to identify

19. Smooth cordgrass Black needle rush Salt meadow cordgrass
Figure pattern of plant zonation
Black needle rush
Salt meadow cordgrass
Smooth cordgrass

20. Stress tolerance and competition
Figure 17.9 General pattern of tradeoff between a species ability to survive and grow under low resource availability and the maximum rate of growth achieved under high resource availability
Both environment anb competition

21. Autogenic vs. allogenic change
Density
Figure 18.10

22. Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
Figure 18.14
High
Low 22

23. Theory of island biogeography
Figure 19.13

24. Landscapes are shifting mosaics
Figure 19.23

26. Table 27.3

27. Figure 26.5

28. Extinctions of Large Animals
Recent extinctions have primarily affected large animals (which are more profitable prey for hunters)
The timing of extinctions in different regions has coincided with the arrival of humans (note absence of extinctions in Africa)

29. Minimum viable population
Figure 28.12
Minimum dynamic area