1. The Byzantine Empire

2. The Roman empire, Diocletian divided Roman Empire in half: Western and Eastern after 184 CE
, was weakened by internal and external forces. Power shifted to the east, as Germanic invaders weakened the western half of the once great Roman empire.

3. By 330, the emperor Constantine, had built a new capital city in Constantinople on the site of the Greek city Byzantium. The Byzantine empire arose from this site.

4. At its height, the Byzantine empire covered an area from Rome through southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, down to Egypt and across North Africa.

5. The city of Constantinople, was on a peninsula overlooking the Bosporus strait, a strait connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. From its central location, the city controlled key trade routes that liked Europe and Asia.

6. The Byzantine empire reached its peak under the emperor Justinian
The Byzantine empire reached its peak under the emperor Justinian. Justinian was a autocratic ruler, or single ruler with complete authority.

7. Emperor Justinian became known for his collection of ancient laws known as Justinian’s Code: written set of laws became the basis today’s international laws.

9. In the area of architecture, Justinian blended Greek, Roman, Persian and Middle Eastern styles. The best known structure is the Church of Hagia Sophia whose name means “Holy Wisdom”

13. In the area of art, the Byzantine empire made great contributions
In the area of art, the Byzantine empire made great contributions. Icons were images of Jesus, the Virgin Mary and others. These icons were supposed the create the sense that the holy person was actually present.

15. Byzantine artists also developed Mosaics, pictures or designs formed by inlaid pieces of stone or other materials. Mosaics often displayed religious themes.

18. Theodora the Awesome
Justinian’s Empress was Theodora. Father was a bear keeper and she was an actress/entertainer of men .
She met Justinian at the  Hippodrome (circus: chariot races were popular since gladiator games did not support Christian values)
Theodora advised Justinian to remain in Constantinople during revolt of 532 (he might have lost his power if he had fled)

19. Theodora the Awesome
Theodora one of 1st rulers to recognize rights of woman
Outlawed trafficking of young girls
Revised divorce laws to help woman
Became one of Justinian’s most important advisors

20. In 1054, permanent split or schism: split of Orthodox Christian Church in the East and the Roman Catholic Church in the West.

21. The decline of the Byzantine empire came with the onset of invading armies. The final blow came at the hands of the Ottoman empire in 1453.

22. The Byzantine empire hoped to preserve Greek and Roman culture and also strongly influenced the first Russian state. As Russia traded with the Byzantine empire, the Byzantines influenced both Russian and eastern European development.

23. The Byzantines gave Russia a written language
The Byzantines gave Russia a written language. Two Byzantine missionaries adapted the Greek alphabet This new system, called the Cyrillic alphabet is still used in Russia today.

24. Byzantine missionaries carried Orthodox Christianity to Russia and other Eastern European nations.

25. Another Byzantine influence on Russia was that of an autocratic ruler
Another Byzantine influence on Russia was that of an autocratic ruler. Autocratic rulers in Russia were known as czars. Czar is the Russian word for Caesar.

26. The Byzantine empire had its influence in the development of history
The Byzantine empire had its influence in the development of history. Emerging out of the once strong Roman empire, the Byzantines develop a written set of law and strongly influence art and architecture of the time.
The Byzantine empire preserved the Greek, Roman and Persian achievements as well as influencing the development of Russia and Eastern Europe.