1. The Dropping of The Atomic Bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki

2. Vocabulary 1. Declaration: statement or announcement.
2. Nuclear: comes from word “nucleus”. The core of a cell, which is very small. Referring to energy released from the splitting of atoms – also very small.
3. Radiation: energy coming from waves or rays, sending out particles.
4. Offensive: to attack, be aggressive. “Go on the offensive”.
5. Unconditional: total, with no conditions. The Japanese had to agree to “unconditional surrender”.

3. Why is it called an Atomic Bomb?
Go back and think – What is an Atom?
The tiniest piece of anything.
How would you split the tiniest piece of anything apart?
You need an incredible amount of energy.
Imagine how destructive this energy could be.
Whoever figures this out can rule the world.

4. The Manhattan Project
If Germany and Japan had created an atomic bomb, it would be used against the Allies.
Secret Project by U.S. government to split an atom.

5. The Manhattan Project Success
Two atomic bombs were made, “Little Boy” and “Fat Man.”
“Little Boy was the first a-bomb to be used offensively.
“Fat Man”
“Little Boy”

6. Question
What were President Harry Truman’s motivations for using the Atomic Bomb against Japan in World War II?

7. Debate over the Bomb: American Considerations
Americans were suffering many casualties and the Japanese were showing no signs of possible negotiation.
For months the U.S. had been firebombing Japanese cities.
Tokyo, March, 1945

8. Perspective

9. Cost of the Manhattan Project
20 Billion in todays dollars.
Some argued that since we paid so much for it, we had to use it.

10. U.S. Invasion of Japan?
Japan would not agree to “unconditional surrender”.
An invasion of Japan would be too costly – in lives and money.
It could take years.
U.S running out of money.
Tokyo, March, 1945

11. Potsdam Conference Terms of surrender for Japan were outlined.
Unconditional Surrender vs. Conditional Surrender.
Map of Europe finalized.
Stalin demanded a lot, due to the fact it had highest number of casualties in Europe.

12. Debate over Bomb – Other American Considerations
Beginning of Cold War
Secretary of State Byrnes said it might make Russia more “manageable”.
At Potsdam, Stalin was difficult.
Stimson wrote in his diary, “"the atomic bomb was the United States' master card in dealing, not just with Japan, but with the Soviet Union as well”.
The Soviet Union promised the U.S. it would join the war against Japan.
Truman didn’t wait.
Why could that be?

13. Emperor Hirohito Conditional Surrender – he stays on as Emperor.
U.S would not agree to this in June, War could have ended then.
After bombing, Hirohito surrenders.
The atomic bomb was given as the main reason for the surrender of Japan.

14. Enola Gay and Hiroshima
8:15 AM, “The Little Boy” was dropped over the center of Hiroshima
It exploded about 2,000 ft. above the city and had a blast the equivalent to 13 kilotons of TNT.
Due to radiation, approximately 150,000 additional people have died.

15. Formal Warning to Japan
On August 10, 1945 thousands of leaflets were dropped over the city of Nagasaki.
Sample Leaflet

16. Nagasaki and Surrender
The “Fat Man” on August 9, 1945.
The Japanese finally surrendered on September 2, 1945.

17. Health Complications
The younger they were at the time, and the more radiation they were exposed to, the higher their risk of illness.
Rain that follows any atomic detonation is laden with radioactive particles, and many survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki blasts succumbed to radiation poisoning.

18. Symptoms Headache Shortness of breath Rapid heartbeat
Inflammation of the mouth and throat
Worsening of tooth or gum disease
Hair loss
Dry cough
Heart inflammation with chest pain
Burning
Permanent skin darkening
Bleeding spots anywhere under the skin
Hemorrhage
Anemia

19. Disease 45% of survivors experienced thyroid problem.
As of 1990, there were 176 reported deaths caused by leukemia among the survivors.
Damage to immune system

21. Rare photo taken at ground level of Nagasaki bombing
Hiroshima was burnt to ashes

23. Before and After

24. Today