1. Immigration and Urbanization
EQ: Why did immigrants come to the US, and how did they impact society?

2. So what “I” word is in America’s future?

3. Immigration New Immigration
Immigrants in the first half of the 1800s came from Northern Europe
German, English, French, Dutch, Irish
In the late 1800s/early 1900s immigrants mostly came from Southern and Eastern Europe
Jewish, Polish, Italian, Greek, Russian

4. Push/Pull Factors Political & Religious Persecution Poverty Freedom
Push Factors
Political & Religious Persecution
Poverty
Pull Factors
Freedom
“Unlimited” Opportunity
Work

5. Nativism prejudicial reaction to the large wave of immigrants
wanted to set quotas (limits) or stop the immigration of non-white, non-protestant people
Examples of Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
banned Chinese immigration and blocked Chinese from becoming US citizens til 1943
American Protective Association, 1887
tried to limit Catholic immigration into the US
also tried to ban Catholics from teaching in public schools or holding office

6. Social Gospel Movement
applied Christian beliefs to solve social problems
targeted poverty, inequality, liquor, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, poor schools, and the danger of war
included groups like the YMCA and the Salvation Army
the YMCA (James Naismath) invented basketball in 1891

7. Settlement Houses Designed to help immigrants “settle” into America
people donated time and money to help the poor
Jane Addams set up Hull House in Chicago to help immigrants adjust to America
she provided day care, public baths, job training, and language lessons
about 2,000 a week were helped
Addams promoted reforms for workers’, women’s, and immigrant rights
by 1911, there were over 1400 settlement houses in the US
she won the Nobel Prize in 1931

8. The Statue of Liberty
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!
“The New Colossus,” Emma Lazarus, 1883

9. Urbanization - Background
the rapid growth of cities created new problems
housing, transportation, water, and sanitation, firefighting and crime
from 1820 to 1914 immigration exploded
30,000,000 Europeans
700,000 Asians
900,000 Latin Americans

10. Dawn of Mass Culture
Americans began to share common culture more than ever before
newspaper circulation wars
rise of motion pictures (The Great Train Robbery)
nickelodeon
height of PT Barnum’s traveling circus