1. MLO: How did relations with Spain change?

3. Why would Spain want an alliance with England?
Why would France want an alliance with England?

4. Elizabeth’s Foreign Policy Aims
Developing trade to benefit the economy
Avoid War
Protecting England's Borders and throne
Why might these aims prove difficult?

5. The New World Problems Unclaimed territory
Huge profits in new resources
Huge amount of new crops (sugar and tobacco) and Silver
Problems
Spain controlled much of the new world
Spain controlled Netherlands, and the important trading port of Antwerp

7. Options available for England
Spain control the trade. You must have a Spanish license to trade in the New World. What do English traders do?

8. Francis Drake
Read the account of Francis Drakes voyage. Identify 3 impressive aspects of his achievement Explain 2 key ways in which Elizabeth challenge Spain Evaluate – Was Elizabeth right in employ Francis Drake as a Privateer?

9. English vs Spain
Francis Drake’s Actions angered Spain and Elizabeth’s obvious support of him meant the relationship declined The Religious Settlement and the treatment of Mary QoS Furthermore, Elizabeth also got involved in the Netherlands, land controlled by the Spanish

10. MLO: How successful was Elizabeth's strategy in the Netherlands?

11. The Netherlands had been controlled by the Spanish since 1566
However, Dutch Protestants, and even some Dutch Catholics, wanted Netherlands to be independent.
Elizabeth wanted to see an independent, Protestant Netherlands. WHY?

12. Elizabeth’s Options
Indirectly help the Dutch Protestants resist the Spanish
Allow Spanish ships to be attacked by English Privateers to block their assess to the Netherlands
Create an ALLIANCE with France against Spain to encourage others to fight with Spain
Send troops to fight Spain directly

13. Why doesn’t Elizabeth choose the final option?
Elizabeth’s Options
Indirectly help the Dutch Protestants resist the Spanish
Allow Spanish ships to be attacked by English Privateers to block their assess to the Netherlands
Create an ALLIANCE with France against Spain to encourage others to fight with Spain
Send troops to fight Spain directly
Why doesn’t Elizabeth choose the final option?

14. It would be too costly to fight the Spanish directly, we don’t have the money of the resources
Direct Action against Spain might lead to a Spanish Invasion, backed by the Pope, this would lead to English Catholics supporting the Spanish!
Do you agree? What might be the consequences of a lack of direct action?

15. How do you rate Elizabeth’s response?
1570s – Elizabeth promises to marry the heir to the French throne, Duke of Alencon. She used her influence to get Alencon to fight the Spanish in the Netherlands
1576 – The Spanish government were bankrupt after fighting in the Netherlands. Spanish troops mutiny due to lack of pay and sack Antwerp, slaughtering hundreds. All of the Netherlands unites against Spain
1576 – Elizabeth sends a loan of 100,000 to the Dutch Protestants who demand that all Spanish troops should be expelled, and the Netherlands should rule itself
1577 – Phillips brother Don Juan, arrives and initially agrees to all the Dutch terms.
1577 – Phillip sends a new army to fight the Protestants. Elizabeth is forced to hire a mercenary (someone who fights for money) to lead 6,000 Scottish and English troops to fight he Dutch. However, they fail after attacking Catholic churches a turning the country against them
1578 – Elizabeth is urged by the Privy Council to intervene directly and send troops, but she hesitates and the opportunity is lost. A new Spanish leader, the Duke of Palma restores control.
– Spains power grows as she takes over Portugal and its empire. Elizabeth is even more cautious about sending troops – but she gives the Duke of Alencon, £70,000 to fight. But he fails over the next 2 years
1584: Both the Duke of Alencon and the Protestant Leader, Willam of Orange, die. Even worse, France has now signed a Catholic alliance with Spain to remove Protestantism from Holland.