1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION *Controlled process that releases
ENERGY (in the bonds)
of food in the presence of
oxygen.
*Main source of
Energy- carbohydrates
Broken down to glucose
ATP – main source of
energy

3. WHAT ORGANISMS USE CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Humans
Bacteria
Protists
Plants!!!
Fungi
Remember photosynthesis makes glucose- not energy! Plants need energy to carry out all their wonderful plant functions.

4. CHEMICAL ENERGY IN FOOD
The amount of energy in each type of food varies.
Measured in calories- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
Calories on food labels- measured in kilocalories (1000 calories)
Generally 1 gram of carbohydrate or protein provides 4 Calories/gram; whereas 1 gram of fat (lipids) provides 9 Calories/gram
Also get vitamins and minerals from the food we eat

5. Chemical Equation
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)

6. How We get the ingredients for Cellular Respiration
Simple Diffusion –
higher to lower
concentration
Oxygen carried to all cells
-enters into cell and travels to the mitochondria (organelle converts glucose and oxygen to energy)

7. FOOD DIGESTION
Food ingested – digested to smaller molecules that can move into the red blood cells to be carried to cells

8. Getting the glucose
GLUCOSE ENTERS THE CELL THROUGH Active Transport – insulin produced in the pancreas required as a signal molecule to let the glucose in. What happens when glucose builds up in the blood plasma?

9. ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Made up of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphates
the high energy bond is between the phosphate groups between

10. CREATING ATP
ATP Charged
ADP Uncharged

12. THREE STEPS of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis –
THE Kreb Cycle-
Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthesis

13. GLYCOLYSIS Means sugar-breaking
Many steps that convert Glucose (6-carbon compound) into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3 – carbon compound)
Happens in the CYTOPLASM of the cell.
No Oxygen Required GOAL: MAKE ATP, PYRUVATE AND NADH

14. KREB CYCLE
HAPPENS IN THE MATRIX OF THE MITOCHONDRIA (POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL)
INPUT: PYRUVIC ACID FROM GLYCOLYSIS and NADH, and FADH2
OUTPUT: CO2, NAD+, ATP, FAD+

15. INPUT: pyruvic acid
OUTPUT: Carbon dioxide (waste), GOAL: Produce NADH, FADH2 (electron carriers) and 2 ATP
From Glyco
NOTE – TALK ABOUT ENZYMES AND VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE) AND BERIBERI- CARDIOVASCULAR, EDEMA, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CONFUSION, (MEMORY SKILLS) FATIGUE- GET FROM EATING WHOLE GRAINS. PROBLEM W/ WHITE RICE IN WW2- JAPENESE POW FED DIET OF WHITE RICE.

16. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

17. Goal- use NADH and FADH to make ATP
Goal- use NADH and FADH to make ATP
Total ATP – 32 ATP

18. Anaerobic Respiration
Organisms still need energy when oxygen is not available
Occurs when oxygen is not available
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Some organisms use varying pathways to get energy – many bacteria are poisoned by gas and -anaerobic organisms

19. Equations
Alcoholic Fermentation
*Lactic Acid Fermentation

20. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation –no carbon dioxide made, but does make NAD+ (electron carrier) so ATP can continue to be made.
Examples of organisms going through lactic acid fermentation
certain bacteria that can produce yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk, kimchi,
*Humans also use lactic acid fermentation for quick bursts of energy.

21. Alcoholic Fermentation
Biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose into cellular energy, produces ethanol and CO2.
.Yeast – (example – bread dough- once the oxygen molecules are used up the yeast begins to use pyruvic acid and produces alcohol and CO2
*generates NAD+ (electron carrier) so ATP can continue to be made