1. Interactive Notebook Setup
10/3/2017
Roman Republic and Empire
This will be one page

2. Background
Roman Empire
Roman Republic

3. Apennine Peninsula in 753 BCE

4. Founding of the Roman Republic
Legend says Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, god of War, founded the city where they were rescued from the Tiber River and cared for by the she-wolf. (753 B.C.E.)

5. Background
B.C.E. Etruscan kings of the neighboring Etruria, the land to Rome’s north, ruled Rome
The Romans learned about city building, art, religion, mythology, and even language from the Etruscans

6. The Roman Republic Rome was divided into two groups Patricians
Large landowners, government power
Plebeians(or plebs)
Small landowners, merchants, farmers, craftsmen, limited political power
there was always tension between the patricians and plebs
Women were citizens w/ limited rights
HUGE dependence on slave labor
Slaves may have comprised as much as one third of the Roman population

7. Roman Society Polytheistic gods “regulated” human life
Ceremonies to the gods had political importance because they (political leaders) believed the gods could foresee the future
Political leaders and religious leaders often interacted or were even the same people

8. The Culture of Ancient Rome
Based on the Greek gods (usually only the names changed)

9. Roman Religion Were influenced by the Greeks
Jupiter - Head of the Gods
Minerva - Goddess of Wisdom
Mars - God of War
Were influenced by the Greeks
Borrowed Greek deities & gave them Roman names

10. The Roman Republic
They declared Rome a republic, a government in which power resides in a body of citizens and consists of representatives elected by them
BCE
Only men with wealth and property controlled politics and military
Called Citizens

11. The Roman Republic
2 Consuls (at the highest level) held power that extended over the lands Rome ruled
Senate made laws/advised consuls
Most members were aristocrats
Because the consuls and Senate both represented the interests of the patricians (aristocratic, wealthy classes)

12. The Roman Republic
Expanded throughout Italian Peninsula, Western Europe, and Mediterranean to gain resources and control trade routes

13. The Roman Republic
Twelve Tables were first laws in Rome, created to relieve tension between Plebs and Patricians and unify Rome
Became more complex as the empire grew
General laws of right and wrong (jus gentium) were customized to fit the specific circumstances of local conditions; at the local level they become civil law (jus civile).

14. The Republic Expands
Carthage was the dominant political power in north Africa (excluding Egypt), the southern part of the Iberian peninsula, and the western region of Sicily.
Meanwhile, Hellenistic empires dominated the eastern Mediterranean, Macedon, Egypt, Syria, and Anatolia. The Hellenes (Greeks) had a thriving network of maritime commerce in the Mediterranean.

15. The Republic Expands
The Carthaginians controlled the north central coast of Africa and the western Mediterranean.
One of their trade networks focused on the mineral wealth of Spain, especially its silver mines. Carthage developed ports and cities in Sicily and Sardinia to protect that route.

17. The Roman Republic
As it expanded, Rome often offered its opponents a choice between alliance and conquest
Allies immediately allowed:
Govern their own internal affairs
Participate in trade
Pay tribute
Marry Romans
Provide/receive military assistance and join army
POTENTIAL partial citizenship(called Romanization)
Conquered areas could EVENTUALLY get these

18. Roman Empire
2nd and 1st Cent BCE were time of political and social unrest
Issues over:
Access to land
Citizenship for non-Romans
Political/Voting Rights

20. Roman Empire
Power became held by ONE person claiming this to be more efficient
Called Caesar Augustus
The Senate became largely symbolic
First Emperor was Octavian Augustus set many important precedents followed by future emperors
Lasted from 27BCE-476CE(…MAYBE, stay tuned!)

21. Today we will be talking the rise of the first true Roman emperor
Born Gaius Octavius
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Gaius Julius Caesar Divi Filius
Imperator Caesar Divi Filius
Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus

22. But we just called him Augustus when studying him in history

23. Roman Empire
Octavian’s reign began period known as PAX ROMANA(Roman Peace) lasted27 B.C.E to 180 C.E.
Time of political/economic stability and expansion
Conquered Asia Minor, Middle East, and England
Roman culture flourished and spread

25. Roman Empire
Granted citizenship to people in the provinces to increased loyalty, further Romanization
Also increased tax collection revenue as citizen paid inheritance tax
Created bureaucracy to maintain grain production, roads, mail delivery, and tax collection

26. Roman Empire
The Romans built the largest and longest-lasting network of roads in the Ancient World
250,000 miles total
50,000 paved
Weigh stations/rest houses and small military forts were built every miles

28. Roman Empire
Starting in the 2nd Century Romans ceased expansion and began building walls to secure/establish permanent borders
Built forts on walls in order to secure
Most famous Hadrian’s Wall in England

29. Roman Empire
One of the Romans’ greatest engineering feats was channeling water to their cities throughout the Empire
Roman engineers built the aqueducts to move the cold, clear water from springs to towns; sometimes they would be up to 250 miles long

30. Roman Empire
Used military/naval strength to protect and encourage trade
Standardized language, weights/methods, coins to encourage trade and political influence/control

31. Roman Empire Roman art thrived during the Pax Romana
Painting and statues focused on realistic human form/stoic beliefs
Architecture focused on displaying power of empire and public use
Theaters, public baths, arenas, temples, ect
Notable architectural features:
Arch, dome, concrete, ect