1. The Cell
And Its Organelles

2. The Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things

3. What are Prokaryotes? Organism made of one cell. Characteristics
No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Circular DNA
A cell wall

4. Bacteria is the most common Prokaryote.
Bacteria are the smallest known cells.
Bacteria live almost everywhere.

5. What are Eukaryotes? Characteristics
Have a nucleus that holds DNA.
Have membrane-bound organelles.
10 times larger than prokaryotic cells.
Can have one cell or many cells.
Multi cellular organisms include plants and animals.

6. PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL

7. Organelles
The tiny structures in the cell that carry out the specific functions in the cell

8. Cell Wall Outer layer A stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane
gives cell a rigid boxlike shape
Function: protection & support
Made of cellulose
Plant cell only

9. Cell Membrane “The Gate Keeper”
Outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment
Function:
controls what comes in and out of the cell
Made of phospholipids
In both plant and animal cells.

10. Cell Pictures
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cell membrane

11. NUCLEUS Acts as the “brain” of the cell or the control center
Large, oval
Where DNA is found
Found in plant and animal cells

12. CYTOPLASM
A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire cell wherein the organelles are found.
Acts as a shock absorber for the cell and its organelles
Found in both plant and animal cells

13. RIBOSOMES Factories that produce proteins
Smallest organelle in the cell
Most abundant organelle
Found in both plant and animal

14. MITOCHONDRIA The “powerhouse” of the cell
Breaks down sugar molecules to make ATP.
The cell uses ATP to do work.
Has its own DNA
Found in plant and animal cells

15. CHLOROPLASTS
Captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food for the cell (photosynthesis)
Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment)
Found only in the plant cell
Has its own DNA

16. VACUOLES Storage area of the cell Function: Stores food and water
Plants have one large vacuole for water

17. LYSOSOMES Cell’s cleanup crew
Breaks down old cell parts and releases the substances so they can be used again.

18. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Nickname: “Roads”
Internal delivery system of a cell
Rough ER - covered in ribosomes. Helps make proteins.
Smooth ER – No ribosomes. Makes lipids

19. GOLGI BODIES “The Shippers” or “The Mailroom”
Receives proteins and other materials from the ER, packages them ad distributes them to other parts of the cell.
Looks like a stack of pancakes
In plant and animal cells

20. Cytoskeleton Web of proteins in cytoplasm Keeps cell from collapsing
In Plant and animal cells

21. Vesicle
A small sac that surrounds material to be moved material in, out, or within a cell.
In plant and animal cells