1. Do Now

2. Aim: How can an immune response be a breakdown in homeostasis?

3. Agenda Do Now Self-guided topics 1-5 review
Correct work using the answer key
Reflection
Castle Learning or Quizlet review

4. Topic 1 Diabetes The first few slides review the endocrine system and homeostasis…

6. Feedback mechanism or loop
In the winter, what happens when the temperature in your house goes to low?
Thermostat detects a decrease and sends a signal to the furnace to go on. Once the temp is back to normal the furnace turns off

7. Feedback mechanisms Human organ systems maintain homeostasis by using:
Feedback loops or mechanisms

8. Sending Signals Hormones Neurotransmitters (Nerve chemicals)
What are the primary agents that the brain uses to communicate with other cells?
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
(Nerve chemicals)

9. Receiving Signals
How do cells in the body receive signals from the brain?
Receptor molecules on their cell membrane
Receptor molecules

10. Feedback Loop Example Brain detects a decrease in temperature1
Brain detects a decrease in temperature
The brain releases chemical signals to muscles beneath the skin surface.
These muscle cells receive the signal through receptor molecules and begin to shiver.
Brain stops sending signal once temp is back to normal 4 2 3

11. Insulin The hormone produced by the pancreas gland to lower
Blood sugar levels
Protein- Long and folded
molecule with a shape

12. Diabetes
When the pancreas fails to produce or properly use
Insulin

13. Two types of diabetes
Type 1- Develops in children before the age of 15
Type 2- Develops in people after the age of 30

14. Hormone and Receptor molecule must fit in order to work
Pancreas Gland
Receptor molecule
Hormone

15. Failure of hormone to work means either the
Hormone is not produced
Receptor molecule is the wrong shape
The hormone is the wrong shape

16. Another living example of a feedback mechanism
When sugar levels rise the brain detects rise, then sends a signal to pancreas to release insulin. When sugar levels are normal pancreas stops secreting insulin
Feedback Inhibition

17. What could cause diabetes?
Person not producing enough insulin
The target cell cannot receive signal because of a defective
- Receptor molecule
- Hormone

20. Brain Pop
uriesandconditions/diabetes/
Username: bufsd
Password: bufsd

21. Topic 2 Allergies

22. Allergic reaction What is an allergic reaction?
Is an immune response to a harmless substance like peanuts

23. Antigens triggers the allergy
What human organ system is responsible for an allergic reaction?
The immune system
Explain how it works

24. Antigens are specific
Walnut
Why are some people allergic to one type of food but not another?
The shape of surface proteins are different
Peanut

25. Topic 3 Organ Transplants

26. Organ transplant
When an organ is replaced with an organ from another person. The organ can sometimes be seen as a “foreign invader” from the immune system

27. Cell surface proteins
Transplanted organs have different or foreign antigens on their cells. This is similar to how the immune system sees a virus or bacteria cell

28. Different cell proteins
Donor cell proteins
Receiver’s cell proteins
These cells are not a match for an organ transplant

29. Organ transplant rejection
Organ transplant will reject if proteins do not match
Immune system will trigger white blood cells to attack the transplanted organ

30. Immunosuppressants Immuno - immune system suppressants - lower
Immunosuppressants are drugs that
lower the immune systems response to
transplanted organs.

31. Topic 4 Immune Response

32. Bacteria Bacteria are single- celled organisms.
They are alive because they can carryout the characteristics of life without needing the help for another organism

33. Bacterial infections How are bacterial infections treated or cured?
They are treated with antibiotics prescribed by a Doctor

34. Viruses Viruses are non- cellular (not a cell)
They are dead because they cannot performs] the characteristics of life without having a host.
The infects to cause illness and death.

35. Vaccine What is in a vaccine that makes it effective?
Dead or weakened microbe

36. Cures and Treatment
Diseases caused by a bacteria can be cured because the bacteria can be killed.
Doctors inject a person with antibiotics to kill the bacteria
Viruses cannot be killed because they are NOT alive so there is NO cured for them
Vaccines can PREVENT viruses from infecting organisms

37. Vaccines
They are not as strong as the disease so the person does not get sick
Helps organisms build a memory of antibodies.
Vaccinations use dead or weakened microbes (virus) to stimulate the first production of antibodies

38. Vaccine Process A dead or weaken virus is injected into an organism
The immune systems recognizes the virus and synthesizes antibodies
The immune system makes a memory of the virus so when the real virus (not a dead or weak one) comes it can use the antibodies to stop it immediately.

39. Topic 5 Homeostasis in Plants

40. Stomata (One open and one closed)

41. Guard cell opens the stomata when the plant needs nutrients and closes stomata when at equilibrium

42. Plant Homeostasis

43. Reflection
Answer the reflection questions on the last page and then work on any missing castle learning assignments

44. Regents Questions