1. Protein Structure and Enzymes

2. Proteins are made of the monomer called an amino acid How different: Not a ring or a chain

3. What does “R-group” really mean
What does “R-group” really mean? Hydrocarbon side chain, gives shape from H-bonds

4. Amino acids are joined by dehydration synthesis (Peptide bond)
Through what process are proteins built?
Amino acids are joined by dehydration synthesis
(Peptide bond)

5. Long chain = polypeptide (thousands), smaller chain = peptide
What is a straight (liner) strand of joined amino acids (the polymer) called?
Long chain = polypeptide (thousands), smaller chain = peptide

6. 4 basic shapes of proteins
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Beta Alpha

8. Paper Proteins Arginine (green) Histidine (red)
Proline (blue) Isoleucine (purple)
Lysine (Yellow) Methionine (orange)
Alanine (pink)
Leucine (red polka dot) Glycine (blank)

10. Examples of proteins and their functions
Hemoglobin: responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates
Keratin: protects skin cells from damage or stress
Fibroin: present in silk created by spiders & other insects
Lactase: enzyme in mammals that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose

11. Enzymes: A special Type of Protein!
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts Enzymes are used in all chemical reactions to control the rate of reactions and lower the amount of energy necessary for the reaction to take place. We say that enzymes lower the activation energy of the reaction.

12. Enzymes are specific for each reaction.
Enzymes are conserved (recycled)
Enzymes have an area called the active site to which a specific substrate will bond temporarily while the reaction is taking place.
Enzymes are also known as catalysts because they speed the rate of a reaction.

13. https://www. youtube. com/watch