American History STAAR Review – Part 2.

American History STAAR Review – Part 2

George Washington’s Presidency
_______________: act or decision that sets an example for others to follow, like a tradition Precedent Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy Created the cabinet Hamilton and the Department of Treasury set up the national bank to stabilize the national economy Crushed the Whiskey Rebellion to establish the authority of national government Wanted to stay neutral Jay’s Treaty with England (removed redcoats) Pickney’s Treaty with Spain (allowed U.S. to use MI River) Set many precedents: Mr. President, cabinet, 2 terms, Farewell Address Farewell address: Warned against permanent alliances and political parties 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government 8.22(A): Analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United States, such as George Washington

Democratic – Republicans
America’s First Political Parties In Congress, and across the nation, differences in beliefs existed about the ____________________________on several issues, many ________ By the mid- 1790s, these differing beliefs took shape into 2 distinct political parties, ____________ and ________________________ role of the national government economic Federalists Democratic-Republicans Federalists Democratic – Republicans Leader: Alexander Hamilton Favored: Rule by the wealthy Strong Federal Gov’t Emphasis on Manufacturing Loose interpretation of the Constitution British alliance National Bank Protective Tariffs Leader: Thomas Jefferson Rule by the people Strong State Gov’t Emphasis on Agriculture Strict interpretation of the Constitution French alliance State Banks Free trade 8.5(C) Explain the origin and development of American Political Parties

Democratic Republican Federalists Federalists
Federalists or Democratic Republican? Democratic Republican “State governments should be given more power. The national government can already do too much!” “Protective Tariffs will help American manufacturing businesses” Federalists 8.5(C) Explain the origin and development of American Political Parties Federalists “I believe the Constitution has implied powers, meaning powers not written directly in the Constitution”

John Adam’s Presidency
Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy Alien and Sedition Act: limited the criticism of the national government Naturalization Act: Made it harder to become a citizen VA and KY Resolutions: States’ Right to nullify these laws in their state XYZ Affair: America’s poor relationship with France led to Adams increasing the national Army and creating a navy Marbury vs. Madison led to Judicial Review Used diplomacy to avid war 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government (R)

Judicial Review Gibbons vs. Ogden McCulloch vs. Maryland
Adam’s Midnight Appointments Supreme Court Case Marbury vs. Madison Outcome of case: Judicial Review ________________: The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law is constitutional or not Judicial Review Gibbons vs. Ogden McCulloch vs. Maryland Gibbons vs. Ogden McCulloch vs. Maryland Issue: Dispute over who has the right to operate steamboats between New York and New Jersey Outcome: Supreme Court ruled Federal law is above state law and Congress has the power to regulate commerce among several states Issue: Maryland tried to put a tax on the National Bank to kill it in its states Outcome: Supreme Court ruled the National Bank is CONSTITUTIONAL because it is “necessary and proper” 8.18(A): Identify the origin of Judicial Review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses 8.18(B): Summarize the issues, decisions, and significance o the landmark Supreme Court cases, including Marbury vs. Madison, McCulloch vs. Maryland, and Gibbons vs. Ogden

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency
Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy Louisiana Purchase from France for $15 million in 1803 Economic Policy “Laissez Faire” which means let alone (government should leave the economy alone) Passed Embargo Act, which failed, and later Non-Intercourse Act to deal with impressment from England and France 2 Terms Louisiana Purchase Doubled the size of the U.S. Lewis and Clark Expedition gained knowledge of the Louisiana Purchase 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government 8.1(C): Explain the significance of the date: 1803: Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase Draw in the Louisiana Territory on to the map below: 8.6(E): identify the areas that were acquired to form the United states, including the Louisiana Purchase 8.1(C): Explain the significance of the date: 1803: Louisiana Purchase

James Madison’s Presidency
Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy War Hawks in Congress wanted war with Great Britain to gain territory in Canada After war, built roads and canals to help transport goods in the expanding nation War of 1812 against Great Britain Treaty of Ghent War of 1812 is best known as “Mr. Madison’s War” 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government

Mr. Madison’s War War of 1812 Causes Major Events Effects Impressments
Trade Embargos War Hawks Major Events Burning of Washington D.C. Treaty of Ghent (no land exchanged) Battle of New Orleans (Jackson becomes famous) 8.13(A): Analyze the War of 1812 as a cause of economic changes in the nation Effects War increased manufacturing of supplies which helped boost the U.S. into the Industrial Revolution

James Monroe’s Presidency
Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy Missouri Compromise: Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine as free, 36’30 line created and no more slavery above that line Era of Good Feelings: time of growth and expansion Adams-Onis Treaty: paid Spain $5 million for Florida Monroe Doctrine: warned Europe to stay out of Western affairs Monroe Doctrine was a policy of Neutrality 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government

Both were policies of Neutrality
Washington vs. Monroe Venn Diagram Washington’s Farewell Address Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine Speech gave at the end of 2nd term Warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere Warned against political parities and permanent alliances Both were policies of Neutrality Policy continued throughout U.S. History Set precedent of neutrality and giving a farewell address 8.5(E): Identify the foreign policies of President Washington through Monroe, and explain the impact of Washington’s Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine Directions: Fill in the Venn diagram above. In the differences area, explain the presidents policy. In the similarity area, explain why these two domestic policies are similar.

Gave more people, who did not own property, the right to vote.
Andrew Jackson In the _______________, there was no winner because no one won the majority of the electoral college votes. __________________made a deal with Speaker of the House, ______________, saying that if the House of Representatives choose Adams as President, J.Q. Adams would make Henry Clay the _________________. The House of Representatives choose J.Q. Adams as president and Andrew Jackson called this the “________________”. However, voting requirements changed between 1824 and 1828, allowing Jackson to win by a landslide 1828! Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Secretary of State Corrupt Bargain Voting Requirements Election of 1824 Election of 1828 White Male 21 or older Own Property 8.5(F): Explain the impact of the election of Jackson, including expanding suffrage How did the Election of 1828 expand suffrage? Gave more people, who did not own property, the right to vote.

Andrew Jackson Federalists: 1790s-1815 Democratic Republicans: 1790s
The Democratic Party that we have today first started with Andrew Jackson. Complete the diagram below to see the progression of political parties throughout American history. Federalists: 1790s-1815 Democratic Republicans: 1790s Republicans: 1820s National Republican (Whig) Jacksonian Democrat 8.5(C): Explain the Origin and development of American Political Parties Republicans Democrats – 1830s

Andrew Jackson and the Nullification Crisis
The Story: Congress passed a Tariff of 1828 that increased tariffs on goods from Europe. This Protective Tariff protected Northern Industries while making products more expense for Southern planters. Southerners nicknamed this tariff the “Tariff of Abominations”, because they hated it so much. Vice President John C. Calhoun believed in states’ rights, and believed states could limit the power the of National government in their own state. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act which declared the tariff illegal in their state. South Carolina threatened to secede, withdraw, if the tariff was not lifted. Henry Clay created a compromise lowering the tariff but also giving the President more power to use force if a state threatened to secede again. Cause: Effects: Tariff helped the North at the expense of the South South Carolina tries to nullify the tariff and threatens to secede from the Union Henry Clay creates a compromise that lowers the tariff but gives the president more power to use force if a state threatens to secede 8.17(B): Explain Constitutional issues arising over states’ rights, including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War Nullification Crisis

Worcester vs. Georgia However…
Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act Indian Removal Act: Gave the president power to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi River Jackson began to remove many Native American tribes in the Southeast to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma Worcester vs. Georgia Cherokees refused to move and took their case to the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokees and said they could stay in Georgia 8.18(A): Identify the origin of Judicial Review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses 8.23(C): identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were resolved. President Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s ruling and made the Cherokees move anyways Trail of Tears: Forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Territory where they lost their homeland and many lost their lives on the way However…

Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny: The belief in the God given right that America should expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific What do you see in this picture that relates to Manifest Destiny? 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation

Westward Expansion Map
Label: Original 13 Colonies Northwest Territory Florida Louisiana Purchase Oregon Country Texas Annexation Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase Oregon Territory Original 13 Colonies Louisiana Purchase Northwest Territory Mexican Cession Texas Annexation Gadsden Purchase Florida 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation

Oregon Country, 1846 Economic Social Political Fur Trade Bring Christianity to Native Americans Split the territory with Great Britain at the 49th parallel 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation

Economic Social Political Texas could pay off war debt with money from annexation Many Americans lived in Texas Polk won election of 1844 by supporting annexation of Texas Texas Annexation, 1845 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation

Economic Social Political U.S. paid $15 million for Cession and $10 million for Gadsden after Mexican War Gain California and Utah, which led to Gold Rush and Mormon Migration Ended the disputes between Mexico and the U.S. Mexican Cession, 1848 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation Gadsden Purchase, 1853

Economic Social Political Agriculture, shipping, and trade expanded Many groups,49ers, rushed to California, boomtowns California applied for statehood as a free state California Gold Rush, 1849 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation

U.S.-Mexican War Put the following era of US history in order on the timeline above. Texas gains independence from Mexico Mexican American War Manifest Destiny is complete 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States U.S. Purchases Gadsden Purchase Texas as Republic Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gain Mexican Cession Border dispute leads to fighting Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Texas annexed to the U.S.

U.S.-Mexican War Mexican American War Texas as a Republic
U.S. buys Gadsden Purchase Manifest Destiny done Treaty of G.H./Mexican Cession Texas is annexed to the U.S. Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Border disputes lead to fighting Texas gains independence from Mexico Texas gains independence from Mexico 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States Mexican-American War Manifest Destiny is complete U.S. buys Gadsden Purchase Texas as a Republic Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gains Mexican Cession Border disputes leads to fighting Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Texas is annexed to the U.S.

Industrial Revolution
_______________built the first factory in the U.S. after he memorized the plans and brought them from England Factory System: a system of bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency _____________________opened the first textile mill in Massachusetts using the factory system Samuel Slater Francis Cabot Lowell How was the geography different in the North and the South? Most of the factories were in the North because…. North: Rocky, thin soil, rushing rivers, coal and iron supply, good coasts for ports South: Fertile soil, swampy coasts, long growing season 8.27(D): Explain how technological innovations brought about economic growth such as how the factory system contributed to rapid industrialization Soil was rocky and could not farm Many rushing rivers for power Close to coal and iron for supplies Close to many ports for trading

Invention Inventor What did it do? What was its effect? Cotton Gin Eli Whitney Machine that removed the seeds from the cotton fibers Increase the need to slave labor, slave trade, and increased cotton growing in the South 8.27(A): Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts 8.12(B): Explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery

Invention Inventor What did it do? What was its effect? Interchangeable Part Eli Whitney Parts that could be put together to create a product Mass production of goods, use of assembly lines, lowered cost of goods 8.27(A): Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts

Transportation Inventor/ Builder What did it do? What was its effect? Steamboats Robert Fulton, Clermont was the first steamboat to travel from New York to Albany Steam engines used to power boats up river against a current Improved the transportation of goods that was cheaper and faster 8.27(A): Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts

Population Growth in Urban Centers
What are reasons why population is growing in urban areas and shrinking in rural areas? Towns developed on railroad lines and canal People are moving west Example: Boomtowns in California People move to cities in search of new economic opportunities 8.13(B): Identify the economic factors that brought about rapid industrialization and urbanization 8.12(C): explain the reasons for the increase in factories and urbanization Source of image: Women migrating to cities to work in factories

What they were reforming? Important Individuals Abolitionists Movement
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individuals Impact/Significance? Abolitionists Movement William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman - 13th Amendment freed slaves after the Civil War - Paved the way for the Women’s Rights Movement End slavery in the U.S. 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled 8.22(B): Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the U.S., such as Frederick Douglas 8.23(D): Analyze the contribution of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity

Reform Movements Women’s Rights Movement Reform Movement
What they were reforming? Important Individuals Impact/Significance? Women’s Rights Movement Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony - Held first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls in 1848, wrote the Declaration of Sentiments - Women eventually gained the right to vote in 1920 Suffrage (voting) for women 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled 8.22(B): Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the U.S., such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton 8.23(D): Analyze the contribution of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity

What they were reforming? Important Individual(s)
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significance? Temperance Movement Carrie Nation 18th Amendment which banned the production and sale of alcohol (later repealed by the 21st) Campaign against the sale and drinking of alcohol that was linked to alcohol abuse and breaking up families 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled

Reform Movements Prison Reform and Care of the Disabled
What they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significance? Prison Reform and Care of the Disabled Dorthea Dix –went to teach Sunday school in prisons Improvements in prison life through laws Terrible treatment of mentally ill and prisoners in prison 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled 8.23(D): Analyze the contribution of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity

What they were reforming? Important Individual(s)
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significance? Public Education Horace Mann Free public education expanded Education was seen as a way to decrease poverty and crime 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled

North vs. South Perspective on Slavery
The North and the South had differing view on slavery. This was a leading cause of the Civil War. Northern Perspective Southern Perspective Slavery was a moral issue Slavery was evil If slavery was not abolished, it could bring God’s judgment Slavery was an economic necessity Slavery was a way of life and part of their society Wanted to move slavery west 8.7C: Analyze the impact on slavery on different sections of the U.S.

Causes of the Civil War Election of 1860
States’ Rights Right of a state to limit the power of the Federal government Tax on imports that protected Northern industries at the expense of Southern planters John C. Calhoun and S. Carolina threaten to secede if tariff of 1828 and 1832 is not lifted South saw this as an economic necessity, however North saw it as a moral issue Book by H.B. Stowe about the evils of slavery, abolitionists movement grows in the North Kansas and Nebraska would use popular sovereignty to determine slavery in their state Settlers from both sections rushed to Kansas to vote, violence broke out, mini-civil war Abe Lincoln becomes the first Republican President and S. Carolina is first to secede Kansas-Nebraska Act Tariff of 1828 and 1832 Slavery Nullification Crisis Tariff of 1828 and 1832 Slavery States’ Rights Uncle Tom’s Cabin 8.8(B): Analyze the causes of the Civil War, including sectionalism, states’ rights, and slavery 8.17(B): Explain constitutional issues arising over states’ rights including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War 8.7(A): analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the U.S. before the Civil War Kansas-Nebraska Act Uncle Tom’s Cabin Bleeding Kansas Nullification Crisis Bleeding Kansas Election of 1860

Compromises Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850
Because the North and the South could agree on many issues, ________________ came up with several compromises to help keep the Union together for a short time before the Civil War. Henry Clay Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Missouri would be a slave state Maine would be a free state Creation of 36’30’’ line – no slavery above that line in the Louisiana Territory only California would be a free state Harsher fugitive slave law New Mexico and Utah will use popular sovereignty to determine slavery In the Missouri Compromise, why did Missouri and Maine have to be admitted at the same time? What parts of each compromise would the South agree with, and which parts would the North agree with? 8.7(D): identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War, including the role of Henry Clay So the number of slave and free states would stay equal in Congress South: Missouri slave state and harsher fugitive slave law North: Maine free state and California free state

Supreme Court’s decided…
Dred Scott Decision The Story: ___________moved with his owner from a ________state to a _______ state. When his owner died, Scott sued for his ____________ Dred Scott slave free freedom Supreme Court’s decided… 1. Slaves were not citizens and could not bring lawsuit to court 2. Slaves were property 3. Congress could not ban slavery in territories 4. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional 8.18(A): evaluate the impact on selected landmark Supreme Court Cases, including Dred Scott v. Sanford, on the life of the U.S.

The Civil War Battles Battle Date What Happened Importance Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861 South refused to give up fort, firing broke out but no one was injured First battle of the Civil War Antietam Sept 18, 1862 Confederate loss, bloodiest battle of war Lincoln used victory to issue Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Confederate loss meant they would never invade Union again Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address after this battle Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee (confederate commander) surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant (Union commander) Civil War is over, Union Victory Assassination of Lincoln April 15, 1865 John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in Ford’s theatre Reconstruction will look very differently than what Lincoln wanted ? ? ? ? 8.8(B): Explain significant events of the Civil War, including the firing on Fort Sumter, the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg; the announcements of the Emancipation Proclamation, Lee’s surrender at Appomattox court house, and the assassination of Lincoln ?

These 3 amendments expanded the rights of all citizens in the U.S.
Reconstruction 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Freed the slaves in the U.S. Gave citizenship to former enslaved people Allowed all male citizens the right to vote How did these amendments impact the American way of life? What time period later on in history will be effected by these amendments? Remember the phrase: “Free Citizens Vote” Free: 13th Citizens: 14th Vote: 15th These 3 amendments expanded the rights of all citizens in the U.S. 8.16(B): Describe the impact of the 19th century amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments on the life of the U.S. These amendments lay the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s

American History STAAR Review – Part 2.

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