1. Aim: How successful was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950’s?

2. Slavery in American History (1619-1865)

3. Slavery in American History
In 1619, the 1st African slaves were introduced in the colonies
By 1660, slave labor replaced indentured servitude as the main colonial labor system:
Slaves worked on tobacco & rice plantations in Southern colonies
Slaves worked as domestic servants in Northern colonies

4. But, the Founding Fathers did not abolish slavery
Before the American Revolution, slaves were present in each of the 13 colonies
The Revolutionary War ( ) changed attitudes towards slavery
By 1804, 9 outlawed slavery
In 1808, the USA outlawed the African slave trade
The Northwest Ordinance (1787), outlawed slavery

5. Slavery in American History
From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased in America as slavery expanded into the West
“King Cotton” became dominant & increased slavery in the South
During Manifest Destiny, slavery tensions increased as Texas & the Mexican Cession were added
The Compromises of 1820 & 1850 only temporarily settled the issue

6. “King Cotton” became dominant & increased slavery in the South
From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as slavery expanded into the West
“King Cotton” became dominant & increased slavery in the South
1790
1830

7. The Compromises of 1820 & 1850 only temporarily settled the issue
Slavery in America, 1860
Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, & Harriet Beecher Stowe attacked slavery
From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as slavery expanded into the West
The Compromises of 1820 & 1850 only temporarily settled the issue
During Manifest Destiny, tensions over slavery increased as Texas & the Mexican Cession were added
Sectional events led to Civil War: Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott case, John Brown’s Raid, Election of Lincoln in 1860
1860

8. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 which made the Civil War about slavery

9. Reconstruction & the Jim Crow Era (1865-1954)

10. The Union victory in the Civil War led to the:
13th Amendment (ended slavery)
14th Amendment (citizenship for freedmen)
15th Amendment (voting rights for freedmen)
Freedman’s Bureau & Reconstruction Act
The South responded with the KKK & black codes; Reconstruction ended in 1877

11. States with Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws created segregation
Poll taxes, literacy tests, & grandfather clauses
Most blacks were sharecroppers
Civil rights leaders WEB DuBois & Booker T Washington fought against segregation laws; the NAACP was formed to help African Americans
In 1896, the Supreme Court declared “separate but equal” in the Plessy v Ferguson case

12. World War I & the 1920s
During WWI, the Great Migration led African American workers into the North; Black soldiers fought in segregated units
In the 1920s, African Americans experienced the Harlem Renaissance
In the 1930s, FDR’s New Deal discriminated against black workers

13. In WWII, the Great Migration helped break sharecropping in the South
World War II
FDR pressured to create the Fair Employment Practices Commission
prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work
In WWII, the Great Migration helped break sharecropping in the South

14. In the 1950s, white flight to the suburbs & Jim Crow laws left the U.S. segregated

15. EARLY Successes in modern Civil Rights
In 1948, Truman became the 1st president to attack segregation:
Truman issued an executive order to integrate the military
He outlawed discrimination in the hiring of government employees
In 1947, Jackie Robinson was the 1st black major league baseball player

16. The Modern Civil Rights Movement (1950s)

17. Songs of the Civil Rights Movement
In the song lyrics, what does “the prize” refer to? Explain.
Song

18. According to Chas. E. Bledsoe, what was one problem that existed within the Topeka, Kansas, school system in 1950?

19. The Struggle Over Civil Rights
Segregated school districts spend 10 times more on white students than black students
The modern Civil Rights movement began in 1954 with the Supreme Court decision Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
The NAACP took the lead in civil rights; Segregated schools became their primary target
Their strategy was to use lawsuits to challenge that segregation violated the 14th Amendment
The NAACP 1st targeted unfair university graduate admissions

20. Brown v. Board of Education
Read through the document and then with a partner, answer the questions (#1-5) that follow in your notebook.

21. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The Topeka school district denied Linda Brown from attending a white school 4 blocks from her house.
NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall used the 14th Amendment to attack public school segregation
Argument: Even “equal” schools, if separate, imply that black children are inferior to whites

22. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The Supreme Court’s unanimous decision ruled “separate facilities are inherently unequal”
Chief Justice Earl Warren stated that segregation violated the “equal protection clause” of the 14th Amendment
The decision overturned the Plessy v Ferguson (1896) “separate but equal” precedent
Chief Justice
Earl Warren

23. Thurgood Marshall & his NAACP legal team
Thurgood Marshall’s success in Brown made him the most famous black lawyer in the U.S.; In 1967, he became the 1st black justice appointed to the Supreme Court
Linda Brown

24. What is the message of this cartoon?
“I’m eight. I was born on the day of the Supreme Court Decision.”
What is the message of this cartoon?
Significant integration did not begin until mid/late 1960s

25. The Century: America’s Time – Happy Days
What were the major civil rights events of the 1950s?
VIDEO 21: :35
While you watch, answer the following questions on your worksheet (take extra notes too of important people, events, etc…this will serve as your notes):
1. Who were two early African American leaders that ignited a revolution for African Americans?
2. What did Martin Luther King Jr. encourage people to boycott for 381 days because of its segregationist policies? Was it successful?
3. Who were the Little Rock Nine, and who did President Eisenhower have to call in to Little Rock, Arkansas to help desegregate Central High?

26. December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat in the colored section to a white person
What did Rosa Parks refuse to do that led to the situation shown in the picture?

27. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
Rosa Parks’ actions transformed the movement
Lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. – Baptist minister from Georgia – told NAACP, “We’re tired of being segregated & humiliated!”
Bus boycott lasted OVER A YEAR!
the Supreme Court ruled the Montgomery bus segregation law was unconstitutional

28. Ended segregation on Montgomery buses!
Results of Montgomery Bus Boycott…
Ended segregation on Montgomery buses!
Led to founding of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Coordinated nonviolent civil rights protests all over South
Boycott made Martin Luther King a national figure in civil rights movement

29. Integrating Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas (1957)
Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus
The “Little Rock Nine”