1. Europe Map Quiz There will be a Europe Map Quiz on Tuesday, Feb. 28th.
You will identify 20 countries on the map (20 marks)
You will be given 10 capital cities and will have to identify the country. (multiple choice)(10 marks)
You will need to know the 5 bodies of water. (5 marks)
5 multiple choice questions regarding how Europe has changed from the 1600s to s. (multiple choice) (5 marks)
Spelling will count.

2. Map of Europe – 1600s

3. Ottoman Empire – Countries of Turkey, Greece, Romania & the Balkan Countries
Italy – City States – not officially a country
Holy Roman Empire composed of many different city states.
No Portugal – Territory possessed by Spain

4. Map of Europe – 1700s

5. Ottoman Empire – Countries of Turkey, Greece, Romania & the Balkan Countries
Portugal now a country.
Holy Roman Empire – Still city states – Largest being the Habsburg which had territory in Austria, Ukraine, Hungary, Slovenia etc.)
Italy – Still city states

6. Map of Europe – 1800s

7. Ottoman Empire – Countries of Turkey, Greece, Romania & the Balkan Countries
France now occupying more land – Land such as present day Belgium and Netherlands
Development of Prussia – Present day Poland and Lithuania, little bit of Germany
Habsburg Empire encompassing more territory – Italy, Central Europe (Austria, Slovenia, Germany, Czech Republic)

8. Why the change in Europe?
Why do you think Europe changed so much from the s all the way up to the 1800s?

9. Social Organizations

10. What is a Social Organization?
Social Organization is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals and groups of people. It stems from and deals with the basic, universal problems of ordered social life.
In other words, S.O. provides the needs and wants of citizens, giving them meaning, purpose and giving them direction and discipline to life.
Examples of Social Organizations?
Government, education, religious communities, businesses

11. Social Organizations have been long established in our world dating back to the ancient world. In fact, the components in which a civilization/society are based on, is that of social organizations (government, education, religion, economics and culture). These organizations vary from place to place and at times may strive or crumble.
However, in all cases, social organizations are there to deal with the universal problems of ordered social life.
These organizations play a significant role in providing order, direction, norms and values within a society.

12. Age of Absolutism
17th – 18th centuries ( )

13. What is Absolutism?
Absolutism is a political theory and form of government where unlimited, complete power is held by a centralized sovereign individual.
In effect, the ruling individual has ‘absolute’ power, with no legal, electoral or other challenges to that power.
Often, these individuals believed they rules by divine right – God’s given right to rule.

14. The Age of Absolutism
The period from 1660 to 1789 saw the development of absolute monarchies and centralized national governments.
This period of time, which coincided with the Age of Enlightenment, saw the gradual erosion of local autonomy (self- government of the people) and the rise of national and centralized power spread throughout Europe.
France, Spain, England, Russia, Prussia, Austria and the Holy Roman Empire would all have an absolute monarch who ruled these nations.

15. Factors Contributing to Absolute Monarchs
The 1st factor was the disorder, anarchy and confusion which prevailed in Europe during the medieval period.
Unsatisfied with conditions within the feudal system (in other words their feudal lords) and the religious wars throughout Europe, people looked to a new ruler who could assure them peace, security and order.
This became an essential opportunity for rulers, as rich and powerful kings within the feudal system were able to rise and establish their absolute rule.

16. The 2nd factor that contributed was the Renaissance and Reformation.
With the study of Roman and Greek literature, people discovered how these ancient civilizations thrived under autocratic rule of one person. Therefore, people became more willing to support autocratic rule for the sake and glory of the nation.
Similarly, the Reformation dealt a major blow to the Roman Church which allowed many kings to become the head of the church. Therefore, the church and the state would now become one.
This is where you get the divine right to rule from. Kings would pay the church, thus the church would mandate that the king had the divine right to rule from God.
Autocratic – oppressive tyrannical

17. The 3rd factor was the rise in the new middle class.
From the Renaissance came the new middle class. As trade expanded, this new class became significantly wealthier. Therefore, they pushed for economic stability which absolute leaders were willing to provide, unlike the feudal lords.

18. Lastly, the rising concepts of patriotism and nationalism played a role in the promotion of absolute monarchs.
People were willing to extend full support to rulers who could provide position of pride to the country.
Therefore, powerful monarchs were able to extend their boarders and brought glory to their countries.
Patriotism – Cultural attachment to one’s homeland or devotion to one’s country.
Nationalism – The strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance.

19. Things to keep in mind…
Absolute Monarchs did a lot of good for some countries, but for others put countries into trouble (financially and politically).
Many Monarchs brought forward the concept of “Enlightened Absolutism” which looked to introduce Enlightenment inspired reforms to their country while still strictly controlling their nations. In most cases, these reforms were positive for the good of the people.

20. Side by Side Comparison

21. Constitutional Monarchy
This King reigns a
Constitutional Monarchy
This King reigns an
Absolute Monarchy
King #1
King #2
This king is limited in his power.
He rules in cooperation with a legislative body and must obey a written constitution.
His subjects respect him and his royal authority, but they know that he is not completely in control.
He shares power with others and does not always have the final say in how the government is run.
This king claims unlimited, ultimate authority in his nation.
He believes that he rules by God’s will or divine right.
If a legislative body exists, it is subject to the king, who does not have to cooperate with it or abide by any written constitution.
He may consult with nobility, but does not have to follow their advice.

22. Age of Absolutism Assignment