1. Characteristics of the Gothic Novel

2. How does Frankenstein fit into this mold?

3. Romantic Roots
Imagination, intuition, and feelings (versus reason and intellect)
Spirituality (versus science)
Innocence (versus experience)
Nature and the country (versus industrialization and the city)
Nostalgia (versus “progress”)

4. Mystery and Terror

5. Dreaming/Nightmares
Dredge up strong emotions, such as ecstasy, terror, joy.
Reveal urges, impulses, desires, even truths about oneself one tries to hide.
Reveal the future; premonitions.

6. Doppelganger German: doublegoer.
Ghostly counterpart of another person.
Body double, alter ego, identical other person.

7. Ancestral Curse
The current generation suffers for evil deeds of ancestors.

8. Dark, Craggy Landscapes

9. Haunted House or Castle
A dwelling inhabited or regularly visited by a ghost or supposedly supernatural being.

10. Mist/Fog
Literary convention used to obscure objects, reduce visibility, or preclude the insertion of something terrifying.

11. Chilling Supernatural Phenomena

12. Devil A spirit of incarnate evil. Latin: diabolus.
Ranges from tragic villain-hero (Milton’s Paradise Lost) to punisher of sinners (Lewis’ The Monk) to tempter and deceiver (Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus) to pure evil.

13. The Grotesque Mutations, often deformities.
A mix of two separate modes, such as comedy and tragedy, creating a disturbing fiction, in which comic circumstances often preclude horrific tragedy and vice-versa.

14. Necromancy
The dark art of communicating with the dead.

15. Ghosts, Werewolves, Vampires, Witches
Assorted supernatural

16. Dark, Irrational Side of Human Nature

17. Body-Snatching Grave-Robbing.
Stealing corpses from graves, tombs, or morgues.
Illicit trade in cadavers.
Violation of religious space.
Commercially motivated by science.

18. Solitary Character with an Egocentric Nature

19. The Pursued Protagonist
A force that relentlessly, terminally and unavoidably pursues, persecutes or chastizes another for some real or imagined wrong.
A crime and retribution cycle, but also…
A hero-villain can be both the pursued and the pursuer

20. Villain-Hero
The villain poses as a hero at the beginning of the story, or…
The villain possesses enough heroic qualities (charisma, sympathetic past) so that either the reader and/or the other characters see the V-H as more than a charlatan or bad guy.

21. Written to Evoke Terror

22. Claustrophobia
Abnormal dread of being confined in a close, narrow space.
Small, dark, windowless spaces.

23. Unreliable Narrator
The narrator makes incorrect assumptions or conclusions, or misunderstands situations or other characters.

24. Entrapment/Imprisonment
Being confined or trapped, as shackled to a floor or hidden away in a dark cell.
Heightens the psychology of feeling there’s “no way out.”

25. Moral Transgression (Unleashing of passion beyond social constraints)

26. Transformation/Metamorphosis
A striking change in appearance; a change in the form or function of an organism by a natural or unnatural process.
Poe’s “Morella” and “Ligeia”; HG Wells’ Dr. Moreau, Stevenson’s Mr. Hyde, King’s It.

27. Revenge
Revenge can be enacted upon a loved one, a family member, a friend, an object or area.

28. Reaction to Current Times