1. THEORETICAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
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2. Human history has challenged men in the course of their lives
INTRODUCTION
Human history has challenged men in the course of their lives
Different events have made people rethink on how to live
The different events formed the birth of the political society
From that time scholars, political leaders and states have defined different ideas about political leadership
These ideas are regarded as the political ideologies

3. POLITICAL IDEOLOGY ENTAILS
The way people need to be governed
The relationship between the government and the citizens
The system of government
The governance that the people wish to practice
What people hold as the form of governance

4. DEFINITION OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
An ideology is regarded as a set of ideas
Political ideology, therefore, is a set of ideas
This is the simplest definition of a political ideology
The term political ideology has been defined differently
Political scholars have defined the term political ideology differently
However, there is one common threat that runs in all the definitions

5. DEFINITION OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGY CONT’
The common threat in all the definitions of political ideology is a set of social beliefs, values, as well as ideas.
These social beliefs and values form the basis of a social, economic, as well as political philosophy of a given group of people
The system of beliefs and values offer the people with a perspective upon which to evaluate the appropriate role of their elected leaders, prioritization of the public policies, as well as structure on which diverse elements of the society are founded
Most people possess a particular political ideology regardless of whether they realize it or not

6. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES COMMON ACROSS THE GLOBE
Liberalism or conservatism- most citizens in the U.S subscribe to this ideology
Liberalism and conservatism are widely spread across the world
Other ideologies include socialism, communism, and Marxism
This presentation will present a theoretical and comparative aspects of liberalism and conservatism
The answer to the question on what it means to be a liberal or a conservative or better still a socialist or a communist is provided

7. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES ALONG A POLITICAL SPECTRUM
Political scholars have identified different political ideologies along a political spectrum
This identity has been defined as way of undertaking a comparison and visualizing the different political ideologies
The spectrum is usually described along a left-middle-right line
These categorization is not conclusive
This is because many ideologies encompass different views and can fall on different points along the line
The political ideologies are complex but the spectrum oversimplifies them

8. LIBERALISM
Liberalism and Conservatism for two main contrasting political ideologies used mostly in succession
Liberalism is a set of political social, as well as economic ideologies
It is founded on values of individual liberty, equality, as well as economic freedom, regulated and democratic government based on the rule of law
It is anchored on the doctrine of equality
The ideology denounces social as well as economic inequality in its entirety at its core

9. LIBERALS
They subscribe to the idea of equal opportunity in the driving force to achieving the end
They denounce all the discriminatory practices by the government that can lead to greater wealth inequalities
They advocate for public policies that provide a level playing field for al citizens
Liberalism requires the government to hold the civil liberties and rights alongside the progressive values

10. LIBERALISM CONT.’
The ideology also believes that it is the responsibility of the government to protect her people
Liberals advocate for an egalitarian approach to public policy
This involves the government ensuring that all citizens have equal access to affordable healthcare, clean and safe environment and quality education
Government must ensure that all citizens are comfortable and advocated
Government must advocate for policies such as affirmative action programs, progressive taxations, worker’s health, and safety of citizens among others

11. CONSERVATISM
Contrary to liberalism, conservatism is a political ideology that advocates for strong preference for the historically inherited as opposed to the abstract and ideal
Conservatism values the creation and maintenance of stable systems of societies
The societies are anchored upon a hierarchy of power lodged in a traditional class of leaders in relation to traditional institutions and values
It does not give attention to the powers of the state
It does not seek to put a limitation to the state powers

12. CONSERVATISM CONT’
It is concerned with change and its necessity
Conservatives denounce revolutionary approach and advocates for an evolutionary approach to state maters
Conservatives believe that change should only occur when it is absolutely necessary
The change should be as a result of avoiding a greater evil but again the process of change has to be regulated

13. CONSERVATISM BELIEFS
With regard to change, conservatives suggest that it has to be regulates
Change to the current ideas and principles must be reviewed carefully in reference to the facts and the reality on the ground as opposed to abstract theory
Change must be a product of pragmatism based on traditions and previously accepted practices
They believe that people need strong leadership institutions, strict moral codes and very firm laws

14. CONSERVATISM BELIEFS CONT’
Conservatives hold firm to the existing ways of life
The government is regarded as the servant to the existing good old ways and nobody should change them
The politicians have to resist the temptations to change the society and politics
Conservatives are against change to the old order and only consider it when regulated

15. COMPARISON OF LIBERALISM AND CONSERVATISM
The two political ideologies present dynamic views in terms of political social and economic ideologies
These ideologies sustain various people and operates in different aspects of the society
The two ideologies are sharply contrasting
Liberalism is touted as the left wing ideology while conservatism represents the right wing

16. DISTINGUSIHIING FEATURES OF THE TWO IDEOLOGIES
Whereas conservatives believe in pursuing policies because they are pragmatic and can work
On the other hand, liberals pursue policies because they are good and make them comfortable, and their viability and practicability comes second
Liberals believe to a right of revolution and to overthrow the government in the event that it deviates from the compact will of the people and become tyrannical
Conservatives, on the other hand, advocate for an evolutionary approach to change in the governance structure system

17. COMPARISON CONT.’
Conservatives are not suspicious of the powers of the government and less concerned about the powers of the state provided it cannot bring about change
On the other hand, liberals are extremely conscious about the powers of the government and strive to have a limitation to the powers of the state and the government by ensuring the rule of law is upheld
Conservatives believe in personal responsibility, limited government intervention, individual liberty and strong traditional values

18. COMPARISON CONT.’
On the other hand, liberals advocate for government intervention in achieving equal opportunity to ensure quality for all
Liberals believe that it is the duty of the government to protect her citizens by alleviating social ills and protecting civil rights and liberties
These differences point to the disparity in the two ideologies
The differences account for the reasons why different citizens and states ascribe to them

19. KEY POINTS ON CONSERVATISM
The core spectrum that remain consistent in the conservative ideology include the following
High value on the existing systems and institutions inherited
Acceptance of human inequality and the social order
Recognition of the need for a sense of community among individuals and individual responsibility
Status quo belief in mankind's essential base
The irrational nature of humans

20. KEY POINTS ON LIBERALISM
Liberalism is founded on the following ideals
Idea of a contract between the people and their government
Right of revolution on the violation of the contract
Natural rights as provided to all people by the creator
Faith in and support of human rational potential
Limited powers of the government
Support for change (Muirhead & Rosenblum, 2006)

21. CONCLUSION
This presentation presented the definition of a political ideology
Political ideology was defined as a set of political ideas
The political ideologies discussed included liberalism and conservatism
The presentation concludes that the two ideologies present dynamic views in terms of political social and economic ideologies
The ideologies appeals to different people and everyone ascribes to one that appeals to him/her bettter

22. References
Muirhead, R. & Rosenblum, N. (2006). Political Liberalism vs. “The Great Game of Politics”: The Politics of Political Liberalism. Perspectives On Politics, 4(01).