1. LESSON 1 Lesson 1 - INTRO Welcome Course Information Certification
F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G
LESSON 1
Lesson 1 - INTRO
Welcome
Course Information
Certification
First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada

2. Course Information
COURSE TIMELINE
5 Classes
4 Classes of Content
1 Block for Edublog (Practical)
Written Exam
COURSE FORMAT
Discussion/Worksheet
DVD scenarios
Practical Activities

3. Participation (Daily /5) Skill (Edublog Assignment /10)
GRADING
GRADING
Participation (Daily /5)
Skill (Edublog Assignment /10)
Knowledge (Exam /30)
CERTIFICATION
In order to receive certification, each student must upload their practical scenario to edublog (SKILL) and must score a minimum of 70% on the written test (KNOWLEDGE)

4. Roles and Responsibilities of the First Aider/ESM
F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G
Roles and Responsibilities of the First Aider/ESM
First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada
TITLE SLIDE
Insert your information directly into
the text boxes provided to customize
your presentation
Lesson 1 - CONTENT
Terms
Objectives of First Aid
Legality & Safety
Communication
Emergency Scene Management (ESM)

5. FIRST AID Definition/Objectives
First aid is emergency help given to an injured or suddenly ill person.
The objective of providing first aid is always the same:
Maintain your own safety
Preserve life
Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse
Promote recovery

6. TERMS TO KNOW
First Aider: the person who takes charge of the emergency situation and provides first aid
Medical Help: Care given by a health care professional, or under the supervision of a medical doctor
Casualty: the injured or ill person
“Life Over Limb”: If there is a risk that someone would lose their life (example: you suspect a spinal injury and want to keep the head and neck stable but the casualty begins to vomit/choke), you should always choose to preserve “life” over “limb”

7. MORE TERMS TO KNOW
Consent: always identify yourself as a first aider and ask if you can help (if the answer is no, stand by and call for medical help)
Assumed Consent: if a casualty is unconscious, you should still ask if you can help – no answer allows you to assume they want help.
AED: Automated External Defibrillator (analyses heart rhythm & administers a shock if required)
CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

8. SAFETY CONCERNS & PREVENTION
The number one rule of first aid is GIVE FIRST AID SAFELY
There are three types of universal precautions to be aware of:
The energy source that caused or the hazards that are a result of the injury/accident (ex. a machine, live-wires, etc)
The hazards of providing first aid (could you be injured in providing help? ex. is the person requiring help larger than you?)
Preventing infection (use gauze pads, latex gloves, one way valves, wash hands)

9. Safety and Personal Protection
Prevent Infection
Hand washing
Personal Protective Equipment
Careful handling of sharp objects
Maintain Immunizations
Tetanus
Hepatitis

10. Can a first aider be sued for giving first aid?
FIRST AID & THE LAW
It is a question that comes up every time:
Can a first aider be sued for giving first aid?
(this fear will often keep a person from providing help in an emergency situation)
Although you do not have a legal obligation to help (unless you are a paid employee in charge of first aid), the government wants to encourage people to help others and so they recognize the Good Samaritan Principles.

11. Good Samaritan Principles
If you are abiding by these principles, you will not be held accountable:
Consent – as long as you identify yourself as a first aider and ask if you can help, you are a Good Samaritan
Reasonable Skill and Care – as long as you act according to the level of knowledge and skill that you have, you are a Good Samaritan
Negligence – as long as you use common sense and act in the casualty’s best interest, you are a Good Samaritan
Abandonment – you should never abandon a casualty in your care. You must stay with them until medical help arrives, until another first aider takes over, or until they no longer want your help

12. SUMMARY: Good Samaritan Principles
Identify yourself and get consent
Use reasonable skill and care
Don’t be negligent
Don’t abandon the casualty

13. Communication The casualty Bystanders and family Other first aiders
Other authorities (hydro, EMS)
A CRITICAL SKILL TO:
Establish and maintain control of the scene
Assess the casualty’s condition
Reassure the casualty and bystanders
Deal with “a refusal of care”

14. Communication Principles Establish contact with casualty
address by name
speak slowly and calmly
Tell the truth
Use clear, concise terminology
Be aware of body language
Listen
Be professional
Be polite

15. ESM: EMERGENCY SCENE MANAGEMENT (Responsive)
F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G
ESM: EMERGENCY SCENE MANAGEMENT (Responsive)
First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada
TITLE SLIDE
Insert your information directly into
the text boxes provided to customize
your presentation
Scene Survey
Primary Survey
Secondary Survey/Ongoing Casualty Care

16. 3 KEY STEPS OF ALL FIRST AID SCENARIOS
Scene Survey (same for all)
Primary Survey (differs based on scenario)
Secondary Survey/Ongoing Casualty Care (until medical help arrives)

17. RESPONSIVE CASUALTY: Scene Survey
Assess hazards
Take charge of the situation
Offer help & obtain consent (approach in line of vision!)
Find out history of the scene… how & where injury occurred (mechanism) by:
Looking for evidence
Signs: Something you see, feel, smell or
hear (e.g. pale skin, bleeding)
Symptoms: Sensations the casualty
feels and may describe to you (e.g. pain,
nausea, dizziness)
Asking questions (casualty &
witnesses)

18. Scene Survey Continued
Assess responsiveness
Send someone for help (call 911 and let them know we have: info on casualty, injury, location…) Do not hang up until dispatcher tells you to.
Support head & neck if injury is suspected (demo)

19. Primary Survey (ABCs)
In a primary survey, you must check for the priorities of first aid: Airway - Different if responsive or unresponsive - For a responsive casualty, ask their name and if they can respond, their airway is clear Breathing - Effective? - Should be breaths per minute (count # in 15 seconds) Circulation - Skin color, skin temperature, internal & external bleeding (RAPID BODY SURVEY) During primary survey, the casualty should stay in the position found (whenever possible and especially if spinal injuries are suspected)

20. Secondary Survey/Ongoing Casualty Care
Secondary Survey: obtain medical history and information of the casualty
Treat for shock (loosen clothing, cover with blanket, reassure casualty)
Monitor (check ABCs again)
Record events & report incident to medical experts. When medical help arrives, you should be prepared to report on:
What happened
The suspected injuries
What first aid has been provided

21. VIDEO CLIP: ESM Responsive Casualty

22. PRACTICAL
Get into groups of 3 and follow the procedures identified for a RESPONSIVE CASUALTY
First Aider #1: You are at the mall, you see a crowd and commotion near the elevator. As you approach, you see an elderly woman who is lying on the ground. You ask the person who she is with what happened: She was feeling dizzy and was eased to the floor. She is semi-conscious.
First Aider #2: You are walking down the stairs at school and your friend complains that they aren’t feeling well. Suddenly, they collapse and fall to the bottom of the stairs. The friend is still conscious, but you suspect that they may have a spinal injury.
First Aider #3: You are at home with your older brother and he is up on a ladder, changing a light-bulb. He falls and is lying face up. He is able to speak clearly and is responsive.