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Presented by J. Arzaga, MSN, RN

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1 Presented by J. Arzaga, MSN, RN
SUBSTANCE ABUSE

2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Self-administration of a drug in a manner that does not conform to the norms within the patient’s own culture and society Substance abuse vs. drug abuse

3 Overwhelming compulsion
ADDICTION Overwhelming compulsion Repetitive drug-taking behavior despite serious health and social consequences

4 CAUSES OF ADDICTION User-related factors: genetic, personality, past experience, disorders Environmental factors: social norms, peers, educational opportunities Impossible to accurately predict if person will become substance abuser

5 ADDICTION Therapeutic use of a scheduled drug rarely causes addiction when used according to accepted medical protocol. Prescription drugs have potential for abuse

6 PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
No obvious physical discomfort when substance discontinued Overwhelming desire to continue substance use Associated with home environment or social contacts

7 PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
Craving continues for months or years Craving responsible for relapse

8 PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE Altered physical condition caused when nervous system adapts to repeated substance use Uncomfortable symptoms result when the agent is discontinued – known as withdrawal

9 Tremors, fatigue, and anxiety Abdominal cramping and hallucinations
ALCOHOL Tremors, fatigue, and anxiety Abdominal cramping and hallucinations Confusion, seizures, and delirium tremens

10 BARBITURATES & SIMILAR SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS
Insomnia, anxiety, weakness, and abdominal cramps Tremor, anorexia, and seizures Skin-hypersensitivity reactions Hallucinations and delirium

11 Insomnia, restlessness, abdominal pain, and nausea
BENZODIAZEPINES Insomnia, restlessness, abdominal pain, and nausea Sensitivity to light and sound Headache, fatigue, and muscle twitches

12 Mental depression and anxiety Extreme fatigue and hunger
COCAINE & AMPHETAMINE Mental depression and anxiety Extreme fatigue and hunger

13 HALLUCINOGENS & MARIJUANA
Rarely Observed Dependent upon specific drug Irritability and restlessness Insomnia and tremors Chills and weight loss

14 NICOTINE Irritability, anxiety, and restlessness
Headache, increased appetite, and insomnia Inability to concentrate Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

15 OPIOIDS Excessive sweating, restlessness, and dilated pupils
Agitation, goose bumps, tremor, and violent yawning Increased heart rate and blood pressure Nausea/vomiting and abdominal cramps and pain Muscle spasms and weight loss

16 NURSING Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment
Thorough medical history must include substance abuse if present Be firm in disapproving of substance abuse, yet compassionate in trying to help the patient receive treatment Attempt to involve family members when possible

17 NURSING HIV infection Hepatitis Tuberculosis

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