1. Warm Up List the levels of organization. (already covered)
Why do you need an understanding of chemistry to understand biology.

2. Life is a series of chemical processes.
The Chemistry of Life
Life is a series of chemical processes.

3. The Nature of Matter Parts of the Atom
atom - building blocks of matter
subatomic particles within the nucleus
protons + charge
neutrons no charge
around nucleus - cloud of – charged electrons

4. in most atoms, + and - are equal
# of protons = # of electrons
Neutral atoms do not have a charge.

6. if an atom gains or loses an electron an ion is formed
loses electron → pos. ion
gains electron → neg. ion

8. Elements are substances made of only 1 kind of atom. ex: carbon, oxygen
The six most common elements found in living things are C, H, O, N, P, and S.

9. Elements are arranged in a periodic table by atomic # = # of protons
Elements are arranged in a periodic table by atomic # = # of protons. This is unique to each element.
ex: oxygen - 8, carbon – 6
Atomic mass is = to protons + neutrons.
# of electrons = # of protons

10. Molecular formulas show the specific ratios of atoms in a compound.
ex: H2O - made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and oxygen atom
Water H2O
Carbon dioxide CO2
Oxygen O2
Glucose C6H12O6
Know these formulas.

11. Name the subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom and their charge.
Where are electrons found?
What makes an atom natural?
How are ions formed? Why are they charged?
List the most common elements found in living things.
What does the atomic number represent?
What does the atomic mass number represent?
How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?
Write the molecular formula for glucose. What type of atoms does it have? How many of each?
Review

12. Chemical Bonds
In an attempt to fill their levels to become stable, atoms will interact with each other:
covalent bonds share electrons

13. 2. ionic bonds transfer electrons

14. What do these represent?1. 2. 3.

16. Since carbon has 4 electrons in its outer level it can share an electron with 4 other atoms. This makes it easier to “build” large molecules that have a “backbone” of C.

17. C
– C – C – C – C – C – - C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C

18. For this reason carbon is found in all organic compounds
For this reason carbon is found in all organic compounds. (macromolecules)
When atoms form bonds, energy is stored in the bonds.

19. When atoms break bonds, energy is released.

20. Review Why do chemical bonds form between atoms?
How are covalent bonds formed?
How are ionic bonds formed?
Use the periodic table in your book and draw a carbon atom. Color protons red, electrons blue, and neutrons black.
Explain why carbon can form the backbone of hundreds of molecules.
In chemistry, what does “organic” mean?
What is a macromolecule?
What happens when chemical bonds break?
What happens when chemical bonds form?
Review