1. Physical Science 101

3. Atom the basic building block of all matter
one single “unit” of an element
Examples: a Hydrogen atom, a Nitrogen atom

4. Elements contain one or more of the same type of atom!
Atoms
Elements contain one or more of the same type of atom!
Examples include:
Hydrogen – 1 proton per atom
Carbon – 6 protons per atom
Oxygen – 8 protons per atom
Copper – 29 protons per atom
Gold – 79 protons per atom

5. Element
substance that consists of one or more of the same type of atom
most common form (compared to atom), not easy to isolate one atom
Periodic Table of Elements

6. Molecule smallest unit of a compound
more than one atom chemically combined
examples:
Glucose – C6H12O6 (6 atoms of carbon, twelve atoms of hydrogen atoms and 6 atoms of oxygen)
water (H₂O), breathable oxygen (O₂), and salt (NaCl)

7. contains more than one molecule of the same type of molecule
Compounds
contains more than one molecule of the same type of molecule
Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms):
C6H12O6 – several molecules of glucose
Example of inorganic compound (a compound with no carbon atoms):
Water – several molecules of H₂O

8. Mixture
when two or more things are combined physically, not chemically
things within a mixture can be physically separated

9. Atoms Atoms have: A nucleus small, heavy part of the atom
An electron cloud
large, lightweight part of the atom
Nucleus
Electron Cloud

10. Atom Structure
Neutron -1
Electron
Proton +1 +1 -1

11. Nucleus of an Atom Nucleus contains: Protons Have a positive charge N
All atoms are distinguished by
the number of protons it
has (atomic number) N N
Neutrons
Notice that protons and neutrons are same size, because have same mass.
Have no charge (neutral)
Have same mass as protons

12. Electron Cloud of an Atom
An electron cloud contains:
Electrons e-
have a negative charge
orbit the nucleus of the atom
have a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons

13. Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. - # of protons (also the atomic number) 2 He
Explains name of the element. 4
Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons (round to the nearest whole number).

14. A chemical formula can be very informative.
It shows the numbers and types of elements in a compound.
What is the formula of the compound described by these compositions?
One copper to one oxygen
CuO
One carbon to two oxygen
CO2
One calcium to one carbon to three oxygen
CaCO3
Hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 2:1
H2O
Carbon and hydrogen in the ratio 1:4
CH4
Potassium, nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:1:3
KNO3

15. 1. In an element, the atoms are all the same.
Element or compound?
True or false?
1. In an element, the atoms are all the same.
2. A compound contains atoms of different elements that form multiple, similar molecules.
3. Carbon is a compound.
4. Elements in a compound are easy to separate.
5. A chemical formula shows what elements (atoms) are in a molecule.
TRUE
FALSE

16. 4. Substances in mixtures are not chemically joined.
Mixtures – true or false?
True or false?
1. Substances in a mixture are easier to separate than substances in a compound.
2. Pure water is a mixture.
3. Pure air is a mixture.
4. Substances in mixtures are not chemically joined.
5. Pure carbon dioxide is a mixture.
TRUE
FALSE

17. Subatomic Particle Breakdown
Take out your agenda book and find the Periodic Table of Elements.
Use your notes and work with your buddy:
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Carbon (C)?

18. (protons and electrons are equal in stable atoms – all for 8th grade)
Carbon
Protons – 6
Electrons – 6
(protons and electrons are equal in stable atoms – all for 8th grade)
How to find the neutrons?
Atomic mass = (# protons) + (# neutrons)
Atomic number = (# protons)
Atomic mass – atomic number = # neutrons
12 – 6 = 6 neutrons

19. Try one more…..
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in Arsenic?

20. Arsenic
Protons - 33
Electrons - 33
Neutrons – 42 ( did you round the atomic mass to 75?)

21. Using your notes, complete the Physical Science 101 packet
Using your notes, complete the Physical Science 101 packet. Use your resources and show me what you know!
Whatever you don’t finish in class is for homework.