1. Monday, April 16
Today’s topic:
Recap Intro to Developmental Psychology
Piaget and Kohlberg
Upcoming Dates:
Homework:
Pages and should already be read
Read pages ___ tonight
Assessments:
Motivation, Emotion, and Developmental test will be Thursday
How are you physically, cognitively, and socially different than an elementary schooler?

2. AP EXAM REVIEW (22 days away)
Focusing on Units 4, 5, 6 this Tuesday afterschool
Even if you are not attending Tuesday, you should be focusing on these units this week at home
Watch crash courses
Look over review materials on my website
Take practice quizzes on the Myers review book
Look over old notes and Barron’s chapters.

3. Developmental Psychology
Chapter 9
Developmental Psychology

4. Developmental Psychology
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood

5. Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Life is sexually transmitted

6. Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Zygote
Embryo
Fetus
Teratogens

7. Prenatal Development and the Newborn
40 days days months 4 months

8. How do we know what a baby is thinking?

9. Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

10. Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development
Maturation
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior
Sit up before you crawl, crawl before you walk, nouns before verbs, etc.
relatively uninfluenced by experience
At birth
3 months
15 months
Cortical Neurons

11. Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
Schema
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Assimilation
interpreting one’s new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas
Accommodation
adapting one’s current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

12. Theories of Cognitive Development
Cognitive development is the development of people’s thought process
Three psychologists are famous for their work on children/adolescent cognitive development and social stages
Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Piaget, Kohlberg and Erikson believed every child went through stages and that they happened at different rates for everyone

13. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Typical Age
Range
Description
of Stage
Developmental
Phenomena
Birth to nearly 2 years
Sensorimotor
Experiencing the world through
senses and actions (looking,
touching, mouthing)
Object permanence
Stranger anxiety
About 2 to 6 years
About 7 to 11 years
About 12 through
adulthood
Preoperational
Representing things
with words and images
but lacking logical reasoning
Pretend play
Egocentrism
Language development
Concrete operational
Thinking logically about concrete
events; grasping concrete analogies
and performing arithmetical operations
Conservation
Mathematical transformations
Formal operational
Abstract reasoning
Abstract logic
Potential for moral reasoning

14. Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
Object Permanence
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

15. Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
Baby Mathematics
Shown a numerically impossible outcome, infants stare longer (Wynn, 1992)
1. Objects placed
in case.
2. Screen comes
up.
3. Object is removed.
4. Impossible outcome:
Screen drops, revealing
two objects.
4. Possible outcome:
one object.

16. Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
Conservation
the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

17. Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
Egocentrism
the inability of the preoperational child to take another’s point of view
Theory of Mind
the ability to attribute mental states (beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc) to oneself, and to others, and to understand that other people have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own
Autism
a disorder that appears in childhood
Marked by deficient communication, social interaction and understanding of others’ states of mind

18. Social Development Stranger Anxiety Attachment
fear of strangers that infants commonly display
beginning by about 8 months of age
Attachment
an emotional tie with another person
shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and displaying distress on separation

19. The Heinz Dilemma

20. In Europe, a woman was near death from cancer
In Europe, a woman was near death from cancer. One drug might save her, a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The druggist was charging $8,000, ten times what the drug cost him to make. The sick woman’s husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or allow him pay later. The druggist said, “No.” The husband got desperate and broke into the man’s store to steal the drug for his wife. Should the husband have done that? Why or why not?

21. The Heinz Dilemma: Should Heinz steal the drug? Why or why not?
Move around the room based on the following responses: Yes, No, or can’t decide

22. Other Questions to Consider…
If Heinz doesn't love his wife, should he steal the drug for her? Why or why not?
Suppose the person that is dying is not his wife but a stranger. Should Heinz steal the drug for a stranger? Why or why not?
It is against the law for Heinz to steal. Does that make it morally wrong? Why or why not?
Why should people generally do everything they can to avoid breaking the law? How does this relate to Heinz's case?

23. Kohlberg’s Moral Ladder
As moral development progresses, the focus of concern moves from the self to the wider social world.
Morality of abstract
principles: to affirm
agreed-upon rights and
personal ethical principles
Postconventional
level
Conventional
level
Morality of law and
social rules: to gain
approval or avoid
disapproval
Preconventional
level
Morality of self-interest:
to avoid punishment
or gain concrete rewards