1. Cestodes (tapeworms) Characteristic :
- endoparasitic ( adults in the intestine);
- flattened dorso-ventrally and bilaterally symmetrical
- consists of a head ,neck & strobila
( long chain of segments )
- absence gastro intestinal tract
and body cavity;
- hermaphroditic

2. Comparison between Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea
Pseudophyllidea Cyclophyllidea
Scolex slit-like sucking cup-shaped suckers
(bothria) with or without hooks
Genital on the flat surface on the margin of the
pore of the segment segment
Intermediate
host

3. Parts of Adult tapeworm
Scolex
Neck
Strobila
- immature segment
- mature segment
- gravid segment

4. Different kinds of ova

5. Different kinds of larva

6. II. Life Cycle .Adult live in intestine of vertebrate
larva - in tissue of vertebrate or non-vertebrate.
2.Cyclophyllidea requires two (or only one) host
cysticercus
egg→oncosphere→ cysticercoid →adult
hydatid cyst
alveolar hydatid
cyst

7. II.Life cycle ．Pseudophyllidea requires three host
( one final host and two intermediate host)
egg → coracidium → procercoid → plerocercoid
↑ ↑ ↑
into water into 1st into 2nd
intermediate intermediate
host host
→ plerocercoid → adult ↑
into final host

8. III. Classification Pseudophyllidea: Spirometra - S. mansoni
Diphyllobothrium - D. latum
Cyclophyllidea: Taenia T. solium
T. saginata
Echinococcus E. granulosus
E. multilocularis
Hymenolepis H. nana
H. diminuta

9. Diphylobothrium latum (Broadfish tapeworm)
Prevalent : Northern U.S, Canada,Finland
Western Russia, Scandinavia
D .H.: man ,dog, cat, pig ,seal,bear
1st IH : copepod
2nd IH :trout, salmon, perch,pikes

10. Taenia solium adult worm ( Pork tapeworm)

11. Morphological characteristics D latum
Adult

12. D. latum
Larva

13. Life cycle of D. latum

14. Taenia solium
Adult : 2-4 m length,
segments

16. Egg Cysticercus

17. Taenia solium Life cycle
Adult Taeniasis
(in small intestine)
ingested by man Man
Cysticercus Eggs, gravid segment
(in muscle) (in faeces)
by circulation Pig ingested by pig
Onchosphere
(penetrates intestinal wall)

20. Onchosphere inside the ova

21. Cysticercus larva in pig muscle

22. (in muscle ) gravid segment (in faeces) by circulation
Cysticercosis Adult
(in small intestine)
Man
Cysticercus Eggs,
(in muscle ) gravid segment
(in faeces)
by circulation
Man ingested by man
Onchosphere
(hatches in intestine
penetrates intestinal wall)

23. 1. Man is the final host and also can become the intermediate host;
2. Pig is the main intermediate host;
3. Infective stage: egg and cystercercus

24. Taenia solium :Pathogenicity
Taeniasis
intestinal discomfort: vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, loss of appetite, appendicitis and intestinal obstruction
Cysticercosis
The methods of infecting eggs:
 auto-infect oneself in body;
 auto-infect oneself outside body;
 infect from other person

25. Cysticercosis Cysticercosis in brain Cystcercosis in eye
Cysticercosis in subcutaneous tissues and muscles

26. IV. Diagnosis Taeniasis Cystisercosis stool examination anal swab
gravid segment examination
Cystisercosis
biopsy
funduscopy
X-ray, ultrasound, CT
Serological tests

27. V. Epidemiology Geographical distribution Epidemic factor
Worldwide where pork or other pork products are eaten
Epidemic factor
= proper method of feeding the pig
bad eating and cooking habit

28. VI. Prvention and Treatment
Treatment of patient
Binlang pumpkin seed
praziquantel
noclosamide
Health education
Strengthen management of lavatory, improve method of feeding the pig

29. Taenia saginata
(Beef Tapeworm )

30. Morphological differences between T. solium and T. saginata

31. Morphological differences between T. solium and T. saginata
Mature segment
ovary
gravid segment &
uterine branches

32. Differences between T. solium and T. saginata Life cycle
T. solium T. saginata
Infective stage egg and cysticercus cysticercus
Intermediate host pig cattle
Pathogenic stage adult and cysticercus adult

33. f12
Diagnosis, epidemic and treatment are same as T. solium