1. Fascism and Totalitarianism

2. TOTALitarianism
Key Idea: single party dictatorship that CONTROLS EVERY ASPECT
of the lives of its people.
No individual rights
Must obey government without question
Supported extreme nationalism
Control of all means of communication-
censorship
Police spies and state terrorism

3. Fascism (“fasces”)
Word comes from the Latin word ‘fasces’ meaning a bundle of rods tied around an ax handle. This emblem existed during the Roman Empire and had symbolized unity and authority.
Mussolini Coined the term Fascism

4. Fascism - Key Ideas
A political philosophy that calls for the glorification of the nation above the individual, a centralized government headed by a dictatorial leader
It condemns democracy because political parties destroy the unity of the state.
It is a Totalitarian Government that is NOT Communist.

5. Hitler Youth Video – Left Side
As you watch the video record 6-10 facts in bullet point form:
After the video, answer the following questions:
What did you find most interesting/disturbing in the video?
Why were young people drawn to the Hitler Youth?
How was the Hitler Youth used to keep “order” in Germany?
Why were young people targeted?

6. Explain how the quotes support the ideas of totalitarianism and fascism
“Liberty is not an end,
it is a means. As a means
it needs to be controlled
and dominated. Here we come to
the question of force.”
“The one means that wins the easiest
victory over reason: terror and force.”
Benito
Mussolini
Adolf
Hitler

7. Fascism in Italy Post war Unrest Benito Mussolini Appeal of Fascism
Serious political and economic
problems after WWI
Unrest among workers
Benito Mussolini
Strong Nationalist
After WWI organized war
veterans- Fascist Party
Set out to bind Italians together
Appeal of Fascism
Veterans of WWI – wanted redemption from WWI
Nationalists – loved idea of glory of Roman Empire
Middle and upper class – feared socialism/communism …didn’t want to lose status (triangles)

8. Italy as a Fascist State
Mussolini Takes Over
Black Shirts- combat squads
attacked “enemies of the state”
“March on Rome” – fake
threat of “communist take over”
Italian King made him Prime
Minister
IL Duce – “the leader”
Italy as a Fascist State
Outlawed all Opposition
“Mussolini is always right”
Schools – Young Italy-
“Believe, Obey, Fight!”
Aggressive Foreign Policy

9. Biography video Notes Create the following outline:
Background/Childhood:
Personality Traits:
Details on his rise to power:

10. Mussolini and bodies of other Fascist leaders hung
by meat hooks while angry crowds kicked, spat and threw
rocks.

11. Soviet Union- Rise of Totalitarianism
Lenin (leader of Bolsheviks/Commies) wins Russian Civil war
Creation of communist
country (USSR or Soviet Union)
Economic Recovery –
Lenin kept some capitalism (private ownership) but govnt seized control of industries, banks, etc.
Lenin dies 1924 ….Stalin takes over 1927

17. Life Under Stalin “Man of Steel”
Five Year Plans: designed to INDUSTRIALIZE the Soviet Union
Five year plan had mixed results
Industrial output did increase, but couldn’t meet quotas
Collectivization in Agriculture
- state collected and owned all farms
- Kulaks: wealthier farmers who didn’t want to give up private plots …..thousands sent to labor camps (Gulag) and forced famine killed millions.

21. Control Through Terror
Stalin’s totalitarian state used secret police, torture, and violent purges to ensure obedience.
Stalin tightened his grasp on every aspect of Soviet life, stamping out any signs of dissent even within the Communist elite.

27. Rise of Nazi Germany Weimar Republic
Established 2 days before end of WWI
weak democracy
Faced enormous problems
Signed Versailles Treaty
“stabbed in the back”
Scapegoat
Inflation and Great Depression

28. Adolph Hitler Joined the army during WWI-
emerged as an extreme nationalist
Settled in Munich, Germany-
very powerful speaker
By 1921 gained control of the
National Socialist German
Worker’s Party- NAZI Party

29. Growth of Nazi Power Party grew rapidly
Wild, emotional speeches by Hitler
Uprising in Munich – Hitler thrown in jail
Mein Kampf – “My Struggle”
Appeal of the Nazi Party
Benefits to peasants
Support from wealthy business
leaders provided free meals
and companionship
People found hope in order,
unity and national strength
1932 Paul Von Hindenburg (German Prez) – made Hitler Chancellor

30. The Third Reich Hindenburg died in 1934 Fuhrer Totalitarian Rule
Campaign against Jews
Nurenburg Laws 1935
Economic Recovery
Plans for Expansion

31. SA – Assault detachment
(originally from WWI)
Gestapo – used as
primary agency for the
persecution of the Jews

32. Biography video Notes Create the following outline:
Background/Childhood:
Personality Traits:
Details on his rise to power:

34. Adolf Hitler
“Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all.” Adolf Hitler

35. Militarism in Japan Impact of Great Depression Japan had emerged from
WWI with a prosperous
economy and established
democratic reforms
Great depression
hit Japan hard
Critics denounced democratic
government: military believed Japan should have an empire

36. Japan’s Military Takes Power
History of respect and honor
Military began to take matters
into their own hands
Invasion of Manchuria, China
Hirohito didn’t approve but military did it anyway
May 1932 military dictatorship
established
No one strong leader-
Small group ruled: led by Hideki Tojo
Censorship; secret police; schools

37. Biography Video: Hirohito
Directions: copy the outline on the LEFT side of notebook. Leave space to take notes during the video.
I. Hirohito’s background
II. Japan in the 1920’s
III. Japan’s actions in China
IV. Role of the military in Japan
V. Nanking