1. Roman Mythology
1.What is Roman Mythology? A set of religious beliefs and practices of the people of ancient Rome 2.How was the combination of Greco Roman mythology created? a.the Romans began to represent their gods in human form when they met the beliefs of Greek culture in the 500 BC b.Roman writers introduced the names & functions of Roman gods into Greek arts

2. 3.What does the story of Romulus & Remus tell about the founding of Rome? a.sons of the god Mars & a woman b.set by great uncle to float on the river c.found & cared for by a she-wolf d.found & raised by a shepherd e.grown up, restoring grandfather to throne 4.What does the story of Aeneas tell about the founding of the city of Rome? a.Aeneas, son of Venus & the Trojan prince b.surviving the war, arriving at Carthage, leaving the queen Dido, he reached Italy

3. Remus and Romulus
Left to drown at the edge of the flooding Tiber River, the legendary twins Romulus and Remus were found and raised by a she-wolf. As men, the brothers returned to the spot where they had been abandoned and founded the city of Rome. The Romans celebrated the festival of Parilia, today called the Natalis Romae, or the birth of Rome, on April 21 to commemorate the day the brothers founded the city.

4. Aeneas and Anchises
According to mythology, Aeneas was a Trojan prince. After Troy fell to the Greeks during the Trojan War, Aeneas traveled to Italy and met and married a woman in the kingdom that occupied the region that would one day become Rome. Through this marriage, Aeneas was the direct ancestor of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In this painting he is carrying his father, Anchises, on his back while fleeing from Troy.

5. 5. How did Roman mythology inspire writers, musicians and artists. a
5.How did Roman mythology inspire writers, musicians and artists? a.Virgil’s poem Aeneid, as celebration of supposed Trojan origin of the Romans, transformed Zeus into amazing Jupiter, and Hera into the angry Juno b.Ovid produced a whole piece of Greek mythology covering the world’s history c.musicians, writers and artists drew on stories told by Virgil, Ovid and other Roman writers, combining Roman literary figures into their works

6. 6. What did early Romans associate their gods with
6.What did early Romans associate their gods with? particular places-not in human form 7.What functions of gods did early Romans care about? Control of life/death including agriculture 8.How important were the gods Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus to the early Romans? Jupiter as protector of the Roman state Mars as a fighter god and protector of the farmers’ fields Quirnus as a symbol of Romulus

7. Jupiter
Jupiter was the ruler of the Roman pantheon. He exhibited many of the characteristics of his Greek counterpart, Zeus. In this 1811 painting by French artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, the sea nymph Thetis beseeches Jupiter on behalf of her son, Achilles.

8. In The Origin of the Milky Way the Roman god Jupiter places his infant son Hercules on the goddess Juno’s breast. According to legend, Juno’s milk spilled up while feeding the boy, and the Milky Way was formed. In Roman mythology, Juno was the queen of the gods.

9. 9.How were Jupiter, Juno and Minerva treated as holy figures in the 6th century BC when Rome was ruled by the dynasty of Etruscan kings? Jupiter as ruler of the Roman state Juno as protector of women in marriage and childbirth, and supporter of several groups in Ancient Italy Minerva as goddess of craftsmanship 10.How important was the Capitoline temple in the time of the Roman Republic?

10. New officers offered sacrifices to open the new year Local governors took religious promises before leaving for their provinces Generals offered sacrifices for victories 11.What caused the Romans to accept gods of other cultures? a.Expansion of Roman territory led to their contact with other cultures of the East b.Rome as an international business center allowed for foreign gods to find their way into the Roman culture

11. 12.When was the religious belief in the Greek gods introduced into Rome? In the late 5th century BC 13.What else did the Romans show their respect for besides the Greek gods? Domestic gods and gods of the fields 14.How and when did the practice of the religion devoted to more gods come to an end? By the end of the 4th century when it was officially banned by the emperor who was a supporter of Christianity

12. 15. How did the Romans develop the treatment of emperors as gods. a
15.How did the Romans develop the treatment of emperors as gods? a.Territorial expansion to the east caused them to meet the culture of kings as holy b.absolute authority caused emperors to accept holy honors 16.What foreign cultural experiences could probably contribute to the shaping of the Roman culture? Greek mythology, Persian mythology and beliefs of other cultures of the eastern Mediterranean Sea region

13. Constantine the Great, who reigned from 306 to 337 ad, was the first emperor of Rome to convert to Christianity. During his reign Christians, previously persecuted, gained freedom of worship. By the end of the 4th century ad, under Emperor Theodosius I, Christianity had become the official religion of the Roman Empire, and the old Roman pagan religion was banned.

14. Julius Caesar
One of the most influential political and military leaders in history, Julius Caesar helped establish the vast empire ruled by Rome. With Caesar began a tradition in Roman mythology of worshiping Roman rulers as gods.

15. Birth of Venus (after 1482) depicts a mixture of Roman mythology, astrology, and Christianity. The painting is a famous rendition of how Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty, was born.

16. Fortuna
In this 15th-century manuscript illumination, Fortuna, the Roman goddess of chance, is shown blindfolded and turning a wheel, which symbolizes the situation of humanity, subject to alternating fortunes and perpetual change.