1. The Rise of Cultural Nationalism
Objectives:
Be able to describe the growth of nationalism in the U.S. in the early 1800’s
Be able to describe the changes to culture in Education, Science and Literature.
Do Now:
Text pg. 213 # 5
Homework:
Read National Expansion and Reform Document Linked on Website.

2. Patterns of Education Republican vision included enlightened citizenry
wanted nationwide system of free public schools to create educated electorate required by republic
By 1815 no state had a comprehensive public school system
schooling primary by private institutions open only to those who could pay.
Most were aristocratic in outlook, trained students to become elite.
Few schools for poor

3. Patterns of Education Idea of “republican mother”
to train, new generation could not be ignorant
late 18th century women began to have limited education to make them better wives and mothers
no professional training

4. Patterns of Education
Attempts to educate “noble savages” in white culture and reform tribes
African Americans very little schooling
literacy rate very small
Higher education not public,
private contribution + tuition necessary
students mostly from prosperous, propertied families.
Little professional education

5. Medicine and Science
Most doctors learned from established practitioners
struggled w/ introduction of science and combating superstition.
Doctors often used dangerous and useless treatments.
Medical profession used its new “scientific” method to justify expanding control to new care
childbirths by doctor and not midwives

6. Cultural Aspirations in the New Nation
After Europe independence people wanted cultural independence
literary and artistic achievements to rival those of Europe
Nationalism could be found in early American schoolbooks
Noah Webster wanted patriot education
American Spelling Book and American Dictionary of the English Language established national standard of words and usage
simplified and Americanized system of spelling created

7. Cultural Aspirations in the New Nation
High literacy rate and large reading public
due to wide circulation of newspapers and political pamphlets
Most printers used cheaper English material
American writers struggled to create strong native literature
Charles Brockden Brown used novels to voice American themes
Washington Irving wrote American fold tales, fables
Rip Van Winkle
Histories that glorified past
Mercy Otis Warren History of the Revolution 1805 emphasized heroism
Mason Weems Life of Washington 1806.
History used to instill sense of nationalism

8. The Rise of Cultural Nationalism
Objectives:
Be able to describe the attack on religion after the revolution that resulted from Enlightenment Science Ideas.
Be able to describe the origins surrounding the Great Awakening and its impact on how people lived their lives.
Know the differences between the First and Second Great Awakenings.
Do Now:
Text pg. 186 #’s 1-3
Homework:
“Stirrings of Industrialism” pg. 188

9. Religious Skepticism
Revolution detached churches from government + elevated liberty and reason
by 1790s few members of formal churches, some embraced “deism”
Books and articles attacking religious “superstitions” became popular
Thomas Paine’s The Age of Reason.

10. Religious Skepticism Skepticism led to “universalism” + “unitarianism”
At first within New England Congregational Church,
later separate- rejected predestination, salvation for all
Jesus only great religious teacher not son of God
Spread of rationalism led to less commitment to organized churches + denominations considered too formal and traditional
comeback starting 1801

11. The Second Great Awakening
Origin 1790s
from efforts to fight spread of religious rationalism.
Baptists, Presbyterian, Methodists (founded by John Wesley) successful at combating New Light dissenters
People who made religion more compatible w/ rationalism
By 1800 awakening that began at Yale had spread throughout country and to the west
“camp meetings” by evangelical ministers produced religious frenzy
Second Great Awakening
called individuals to readmit God + Christ into daily life
reject skeptical rationalism.
New sects rejected predestination,
combined piety with belief of God as active force whose grace achieved thru faith + works

12. “Camp Meetings”

13. The Second Great Awakening
Accelerated growth of new sects as opposed to return to established churches
provided sense of order + social stability to people searching for identity
Women particularly drawn to revivalism because women more numerous in certain regions
movement of industrial work out of home led to personal and social strains that religion was used to compensate for
Revival led to rise of black preachers who interpreted religious message of salvation available to all into right to freedom
Native American dislocation and defeats after Revolution created sense of crisis and led to Indian religious fervor
missionaries active in south led to conversion
in North prophet Handsome Lake encouraged Christian missionaries and restoration of traditional Iroquois culture