1. What Is Morality?

2. What Is Philosophy? Love of wisdom Three Aspects Epistemology
Study of knowledge
What is knowledge?
How many humans attain knowledge? Belief?
Metaphysics
Study of the nature of reality
What exists in reality and what is the nature of what exists?
Is there freedom in reality?
Ethics
Study of morality
What constitutes any person or action being good?

3. Ethical, Moral, Unethical, Immoral
Ethical and moral interchangeable
Moral (relationships) for sexuality and ethics (individual) for business and professional communities
Ethics from Greek ethos or character
Morality from Latin moralis or manners
Ethics practically for human conduct or values
Usually discussing right or wrong
Good or bad

4. Characteristics of Good, Bad, Right, Wrong, Happiness, or Pleasure
What involves ‘good’ involves happiness and pleasure – ‘bad’ unhappiness or pain
What is ‘good’ called hedonism
Pleasure is the most important goal
Sometimes may sacrifice short-term for long-term
Example?
Good requires context, satisfaction
Some malicious pleasures, may be harmful to someone else

5. Excellence Important addition to pleasure
Like a concert
Appreciation deepened if there are other excellent people involved
So always some elements of pleasure, happiness and excellence present

6. Defining Further Terms
Two other attributes of good and right
Harmony and creativity
Creation of trust, confidence and integrity, capacity to cooperate
Amoral
Having no moral sense, being indifferent to right and wrong
Certain criminals
Monumental irresponsibility
Nonmoral
Out of the realm of morality altogether
Inanimate objects
Mathematics problem may be nonmoral, but may turn moral if other issues are considered

7. Approaches to Morality
Scientific Approach
Descriptive
Empirical, use of data
Humans act in their own self-interest
Few value judgments
Philosophical Approach
Normative or prescriptive
What humans should do
Act in self interest (egoism)
Act in interest of others (altruism)
Act in interest of all (utilitarianism)
Metaethics
Analyzes ethical language, foundations of ethical systems

8. What is Morality? Two areas of values and value judgments Ethics
What is good, bad, right or wrong in a moral sense
Aesthetics
Study of art and the artistic
Overlap may occur once again
Guernica

9. Good, Bad, Right and Wrong in a Nonmoral Sense
Same words that are used in a moral sense
If a car is good, it is still nonmoral
Aristotle argued that moral has to do with the function of the human being
Anything is good or bad because it functions well or poorly
Thought function of humans was to reason
Some other possibilities

10. Morals and Manners, or Etiquette
Distinctions between morals and manners
Some behavior is simply social
Matter of taste rather than right or wrong
No necessary connection with morals

11. Four Aspects of Morality

12. Religious Morality
Human being relationship to a supernatural being or beings
i.e. Ten Commandments
Not other human beings

13. Morality and Nature Human being in relationship to nature
Prevalent in primitive cultures, Native Americans, Far East
Is nature only valuable for humanity or is it good in itself

14. Individual Morality
Relationship to themselves and individual code of morality that may or may not be sanctioned by any society or religion
Higher morality within the individual
Not doing something because he himself thinks it is right or wrong

15. Social Morality In relation to other human beings
Most important aspect of morality
Must affect someone else
Conflict in social groups
Very concerned with utilitarianism
Nonconsequentialist theories

16. Who is Morally or Ethically Responsible?
Morality generally pertains to human beings
Must be on faith if attributed to supernatural beings
Must ignore science if considering plants or animals
Research suggests animals may learn morality though
So ethical and moral apply to humans only

17. Examples of Good

18. Examples of Bad

19. Examples of Good or Bad

20. Are humans good or bad?

21. Creating a Student Moral Code