1. What is Media?

2. Essential Questions
• How does media influence, affect, and control us?
• How has this influence changed through time?
• Do media create or reflect our world?
• How free is the press?
• What is the relationship between media control, power, and profit?
• What is the impact of new and alternative media?
• How does media literacy help us to become critical thinkers and responsible citizens?

3. Definitions Media is the way in which a message is communicated
Media can also refer to the people that create the message
Media also describes the entity or force it has come to hold in society

4. Types of Media
Make a list of 15 different types of media used in society.

5. Types of Media
In groups of 4, make a chart listing the advantages and disadvantages of the following:
Newspapers
Television
Radio
The Internet

6. Roles of the Media
Information
Entertainment
Education
Advertising

7. INFOTAINMENT
Because entertainment sells, media outlets often use drama & sensationalism to attract audiences.
The roles of informing and entertaining are now being combined to create something called ‘infotainment’.

8. Advertising in the Media

9. Sources of Advertising
Television
Magazines
Billboards
Radio
Internet
Flyers / Newsletters
Infomercials

10. Advertising
Ads for Children's Tylenol were placed in pediatricians' examination rooms.

11. Advertising
CBS stamped promotions for its fall lineup onto eggs that were distributed nationwide.

12. Advertising
In the case of Captain Morgan Rum, the pitch appeared directly on the men's restroom signs in bars.

13. Advertising
Airline passengers may see ads like this one for Rolodex in trays used for baggage screening. Marketers say that the best way to reach time-pressed consumers is to place messages where they cannot avoid them.

14. Advertising
In an attempt to break through to consumers, advertisers have started to migrate from traditional media to almost anywhere outside the home with a little blank space.
This ad for CBS's "How I Met Your Mother" will be displayed on elevator doors in office buildings and malls in New York and Los Angeles.

15. Ads: Yesterday and Today
Check out the following websites:
Yesterday:
Today:
Compare several classic ads with more recent ones and make a list of the changes you notice over the years.

16. Limits on Advertising Boston Advertising Scare
What restrictions should be placed on companies when dealing with product promotion?
Shark Week Promo

17. Stereotypes in the Media
Stereotypes often show how a certain type of individual or group is commonly viewed based on real or imagined characteristics

18. Media Stereotyping Ethnic & Visible Minorities Aboriginal People
Girls & Women
Men & Masculinity
Gays & Lesbians
Whiteness & White Privilege

19. Media Bias: Believe Everything or Nothing At All

20. What is Bias?
Bias is manipulating information, intentionally or unintentionally, in a way that influences how it is interpreted
Every news story is influenced by the attitudes/background of interviewers, writers, photographers, & editors

21. Bias Tactics Photos, captions, camera angles Choice & tone
Selection & Omission
Placement
Headline
Names and titles
Stats & crowd counts
Source

22. Bias Tactic: Omission of Information
Leaving information out intentionally can alter how a situation is perceived.

23. Bias Tactic: Omission of Information
An editor can express a bias by choosing to use or not to use a specific news item
Within a given story, some details can be ignored, and others included, to give readers or viewers a different opinion about the events reported
difficult to detect
Can be observed by comparing various news reports

24. Bias Tactic: Placement
Are first page stories more important than those located at the back?
TV & radio newscast run the most important earlier & less significant later
Placement influences what a viewer will think of a story

25. Bias Tactic: Headline
Headlines are the most read part of the newspaper
Can summarize as well as present hidden bias and prejudices
Can convey excitement
Can express approval or condemnation

26. Bias Tactic: Photos & Captions
Photos attract attention so they have the power to greatly influence your first impression of a situation.

27. Bias Tactic: Names & Titles
Names and titles can affect our perception of people, and therefore influence our opinion of what they are saying.
Ex-con
Terrorist
Freedom Fighter

28. Bias Tactic: Choice & Tone
Words can imply different meanings, even when describing the same situation.
positive or negative words or words with particular connotation can influence the reader
This tactic is often used in headlines to grab attention.

29. Bias Tactic: Statistics
Using numbers to influence opinion, such as percentages.
Numbers may be used in some stories to make them more spectacular.

30. Bias Tactic: Source Control
Always consider where a news item originates
Different people may have a different bias to the story
What sources are used to make a news story?

31. Media Convergence
an economic strategy in which communications companies seek financial benefit by making the various media properties they own work together

32. Media Convergence Involves three main components
corporate concentration, whereby fewer large companies own more and more media properties
digitization, whereby media content produced in a universal computer language can be easily adapted for use in any medium
government deregulation

33. Canadian Media Convergence
In Canada, media concentration – ownership of the media by a small group of people – is a type of censorship because it limits the choice and variety of media available to citizens.
Canadian Media Conglomerates

34. Media Censorship
Censorship is the control of speech and other forms of expression.
Severe cases exist where the government controls the media.
Tank Man

35. Media Censorship
Top 10 Most Censored Countries (2015)

36. Media Censorship Top 10 Most Censored Countries (2015)
Use the world map to locate the top 10 most censored countries.
Describe the censorship that the government uses for each.

37. PROPAGANDA: A Good Word Gone Bad?

38. PROPAGANDA
Propaganda is nothing more than a process of persuasive communication between a sender and recipient.
Propaganda is usually designed to benefit the sender more than the receiver.

41. RECOGNIZING PROPAGANDA

42. ARGUMENTUM AD NAUSEAM
Rests on the assumption that if something is repeated often enough, it will be believed to be true.
EG) Weapons of mass destruction

43. BANDWAGON
Tries to persuade an audience to take a course of action that “everybody” is pursuing.
EG) Apple and iPhones

44. Appealing to Fear
Aims to build support for the sender’s cause by instilling fear in the general population.

45. ASSOCIATION/TRANSFER
Links symbols, values, objects, people, etc. together to project positive or negative qualities.

46. VIRTUE WORDS
These are words in the value system of the target audience that promote a positive image of a person or issue.

47. Propaganda Examples
WW2 Power of Persuasion
Ducktators

48. Middle East Propaganda Children Cartoons
Propaganda Examples
Middle East Propaganda Children Cartoons