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The Industrial Revolution (ca. 1750–1900)

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Presentation on theme: "The Industrial Revolution (ca. 1750–1900)"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Industrial Revolution (ca. 1750–1900)

2 The Industrial Revolution
What were the most significant ways the West underwent change during the Industrial Revolution? Projections as to how it laid foundations for the future?

3 The Industrial Revolution
Industrialization System of mass production of goods Human, animal power replaced by mechanization Based on new sources of mineral energy

4 The Industrial Revolution
The Historical Context in Europe Largely rural, reliant on agriculture Agricultural revolution  population doubled! Putting-out/cottage system Had not been able to compete with Asian market

5 The Industrial Revolution
Origins: Great Britain Increased agricultural productivity Raw materials Capital Labor force Merchant fleet, Empire

6 The Industrial Revolution
Textile Manufacturing Flying shuttle (1733) Spinning jenny (1760s) Water frame (1760s) Power loom (1785) Spinning jenny

7 The Industrial Revolution
Power looms, Boott Mills, Lowell

8 The Industrial Revolution
Fuel and Energy Coal Steam Engine Electricity

9 The Industrial Revolution

10 The Industrial Revolution
The Railway First locomotive (1820s) Iron and steel Important functions London underground railway (1863) Orient Express (1888)

11 The Industrial Revolution
London Underground, opening day 1863

12 The Industrial Revolution

13 The Industrial Revolution

14 The Industrial Revolution
Benz Patent Motor Car (1887)

15 The Industrial Revolution
Questions?

16 The Industrial Revolution
Urbanization Cities  centers of industry Human migration  population increase The problems Cities hastily built, ugly Slums Disease Crime, “immorality”

17 The Industrial Revolution
The Bourgeoisie Middle classes Derived wealth from capitalistic activities, other professions Wealth  political power Lived in comfort Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette (1876)

18 The Industrial Revolution
The Proletariat Working class The good Improved wages Better standard of living The bad Job insecurity Not able to save money Oppressive work hours Child labor

19 The Industrial Revolution
“It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and to-morrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.” Charles Dickens, Hard Times, p. 17

20 The Industrial Revolution
St. Giles (1840s)

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22 The Industrial Revolution

23 The Industrial Revolution
Measures Taken UNIONIZATION Organized labor Intended to improve workers’ economic status, working conditions Government intervention Urban renewal Charitable organizations Pissarro, L’avenue de L’Opéra, Winter Morning (1898)

24 The Industrial Revolution
Savar factory collapse, April 24, 2013

25 The Industrial Revolution
Questions?

26 The Industrial Revolution
Photography (1839) Purpose: record optical experience Relied on metal plates, cumbersome equipment Film  democratization of photography in 1880s

27 The Industrial Revolution

28 The Industrial Revolution
Kodak Pocket Camera (1888)

29 The Industrial Revolution
1927 1922

30 The Industrial Revolution
Questions?

31 The Industrial Revolution
What were the most significant ways the West underwent change during the Industrial Revolution? Projections as to how it laid foundations for the future?


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