1. Systematics in Biology
Organization of biological diversity based upon taxonomy and evolutionary relationships

2. The 5 Kingdoms (old way)
Problems – 2 very different types of bacteria and protista have no real common ancestors

3. 3 Domains

4. Phylogenetics

5. Archea “old” bacteria (prokaryotic-anaerobic)
No peptidoglycans in cell wall
Ribosomes like eukaryotes
Extremophiles
Methanogens (guts, swamps)
Halophiles (dead sea)
Thermophiles (geysers)
Acidophiles (stomach)
Heliobacter pylori

6. Eubacteria (bacteria)
Can be aerobic or anaerobic, can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Come in various shapes:
cocci – round (streptococcus)
bacilli – rod shaped (E. coli)
spirilla – spiral (syphilis)
Major groups
Cyanobacteria – photosynthetic (first ones??)
Chemoautotrophs – nitrifying NO2 -> NO3
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria – mutualistic with plant roots

7. Eukaryota
Includes everything else!!!

8. Protista
Algae-like Protophyta

9. Protophyta Euglena – has flagella and chloroplast
Dinoflagellates – 2 flagella, red tide, brown tide (toxic), bioluminescent
Diatoms – shells of SiO2
Green Algae (chlorophyta) uni/multi cellular, cell wall of cellulose, ancestor of modern plants?
Brown Algae (phaeophyta) giant seaweeds, kelp forests
Red Algae (rhodophyta)

10. Animal-like Protozoa

11. Protozoa Amoeboid – pseudopodia, phagocytosis
Foraminifera – CaCO3 shells (indicate oil)
Zooflagellates – digest wood in termite gut, trypanosoma (tse-tse fly- causes African sleeping sickness)
Sporozoa – animal parasites (plasmodium)
Ciliophora – ciliated like paramecium

12. Fungi-like Protomycota
Cellular (plasmodial) slime molds – form spores like fungi

13. Fungi

14. Fungi Life-cycle

15. Mycorrhizae

16. Grows in filaments called hyphae Cell walls contain chitin
Parasitic or saprophytic
Secrete digestive enzymes into the environment which breakdown host cells and absorb nutrients
Examples:
bread mold (zygomycota) produces haploid zygospores which grow into filaments.\
Yeasts, mildews, truffles (ascomycota)
Mushrooms (basidiomycota)
Lichens (algae/fungus symbiosis)
Mycorrhizae – fungi/plant root mutualism

17. Animalia
Multicellular (differentiated), motile, heterotrophs that consume nutrients.
Show symmetry
Developed a coelom (body cavity)
Show distinctive embryonic development
Protostome
Deuterostome
Some developed segmentation
Endo- and exo-skeleton development
Developed complex organ systems

18. Symmetry
Radial Bilateral

19. Coeloms

20. Embryonic Cleavage Protostomes include: mollusks annelids arthropods
Deuterostomes
echinoderms
chordates

21. Porifera (Sponges)

22. Cnidaria (Hydra, Jellyfish)
Polyp medusa

23. Platyhelmenthes (Flatworms)
Planaria –primitive gut

24. Nematoda (Roundworms)

25. Rotifera

26. Mollusca

27. Annelida

28. Arthrodpoda

29. Echinodermata

30. Chordata