1. Washington’s Last Term as President

2. Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)
Stepped down after 2 terms- set a precedent!
Wrote Farewell Address to the people
Warned against dangers of foreign ties
Warned the nation to work out its political differences— no political parties
Warned against too much public debt– reduce military spending
Wanted America to “remain neutral”
Library of Congress:
George Washington Papers

3. Washington steps down…..
Page 12
Washington steps down…..

4. Group Discussion Questions
What “precedents” (examples) did President Washington set in place regarding the Executive Branch of government (Presidency)? ___________ _______________________________
What “precedents” did he set in regards to foreign policy ? ______________ ________________________________ ______________________________

5. Forming of Political Parties…
Political parties began to form in the 1790s.
Alexander Hamilton helped found the Federalist Party, which supported a strong federal government.
The Federalist John Adams defeated the Democratic-Republican candidate, Thomas Jefferson, in the election of 1796.

6. Political Parties
Thomas Jefferson & James Madison founded the Democratic-Republican Party, which wanted to limit the power of the federal government. They wanted more power in the hands of the “states”…..
Adams became president, and Jefferson, vice president.

9. President John Adams
An early goal of Adams was to improve relations with France
U.S. diplomats were sent to France.
The French foreign minister would not meet them.
3 French agents secretly demanded a bribe before they would discuss a treaty with the Americans ($250,000)
This was called the XYZ Affair – it outraged Americans and led to a call for war with France.

10. Pres. Adams & the French Problem….
Adams asked Congress to expand the navy to more than 30 ships.
He also asked Congress to approve a peacetime army.
However, Adams did not want war with France.

11. U.S responds w/ outrage at France & President Adams
Alien and Sedition Acts
4 laws were passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress to crush the Democratic-Republican opposition to war in 1798.
The Sedition Act forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of federal government.

12. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
The Alien Act- increased the wait time to become a citizen from 5 yrs to 14 years. President had the power to deport “aliens” that were deemed a threat.

13. Democrat-Republicans respond….
Jefferson and Madison wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798)
The documents argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were “unconstitutional”.
They supported the idea that “states” could challenge the federal government.

14. Click on link – Alien & Sedition Acts video summary
Click on link – Alien & Sedition Acts video summary. (Right click- open hyperlink)

15. Group Discussion Question - 3mins
Based on our knowledge of Individual Rights- The Bill of Rights, what conflicts do you think that the Alien & Sedition Acts create ?

16. Sect. Discussion Questions p
Sect. Discussion Questions p. 215 #1-3 a&b- Question & answer- single sheet of paper.
1a) What two political parties emerged before the election of 1796? Who were the founders of each party?
1b) What effect did Political Parties have on the election of 1796?
2a) What was one of Adams first goals as president?

17. Sect. Discussion Questions p.215 #1-3 a&b
2b) Why were Federalists shocked by Adams’ decision to resume peace talks with the French?
3a) What did the Alien & Sedition Acts state?
3b) What idea regarding “states rights” did the Virginia& Kentucky Resolutions support?

18. Federalists vs. Republicans
Our First Party System
Federalists vs. Republicans

19. Federalists Led by Alexander Hamilton
Wanted a strong national government
Supported by merchants, manufacturers and some planters
Supporters were mostly in the North

20. Democratic Republicans
Republicans for short
Led by Thomas Jefferson
Supported by small farmers artisans and some wealthy planters
More southern

21. Federalists vs. Republicans
The Election of 1796
Federalists vs. Republicans

22. Election of 1796
Federalists backed Vice President John Adams for President
They also backed Thomas Pinckney for Vice President
Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson for President
Aaron Burr was their hopeful for Vice President

23. Election of 1796
Under the Electoral College procedure in the Constitution, the candidate with the most electoral votes was president
The runner-up was made vice president
How is that different from today???

24. Election of 1796
* This was the first election where canidates from 2 opposing parties ran against each other !
*So, technically…
A Republican could be elected President and have a Federalist Vice President
Or, the other way around

25. The Election of 1796 Where the unlikely can happen, it does
Federalist candidate John Adams received the most votes, therefore becoming President
Republican Thomas Jefferson received the second-highest number of electoral votes, therefore becoming Vice President

26. Possible Problems?
Having the President and Vice President from opposing parties further increased political tensions

27. TEST PREP QUESTIONS
1) How might a citizen in America’s new democracy have complained about the electoral college? A )“I felt left out of the electoral process because I couldn’t cast the ballot myself.” B) “The president should be elected by experts rather than by average men.” C) “Democracy’ is supposed to mean one vote per man, not one vote per state.” D) “I wanted to study politics and voting practices but admission is too competitive.”

28. TEST PREP QUESTIONS
2)According to Thomas Jefferson & James Madison, what was the most serious flaw in Alexander Hamilton’s plan for a national bank?
A. )The federal government lacked the authority to create a national bank, making it unconstitutional.
B.) Keeping the nation’s money in one place would create unnecessary risk, endangering the economy in case of foreign attack
C. ) A national bank would put private money lenders out of
business, giving the federal government an unfair monopoly on
granting loans.
D. )A national bank would rob the states of power, leading to friction between the states and the federal government.

29. TEST PREP QUESTIONS
3)Why was it important for the United States to found a national bank? A) to secure the national economy B) to issue its own money C) to provide for military defenses D) to pay off the national debt

30. TEST PREP QUESTIONS
4)Which best describes President John Adams’s attitude toward going to war with France?
A.) He was eager to go to war despite the cost.
B.) He wanted war, but would not declare it without congressional approval.
C.) He thought war might be unavoidable and gave up on hopes for a treaty.
D.) He refused to declare war despite protests by members of his own party.

31. TEST PREP QUESTIONS
5) During the presidency of John Quincy Adams, three French agents would discuss a treaty with the U.S. only in exchange for a bribe. The incident came to be known as the….. A.) ABC Talks B .) ABC Incident C .) XYZ Event D .) XYZ Affair

32. TEST PREP QUESTIONS
7) A “protective tariff” adds tax to the price of imported goods to protect domestic products from foreign A.) contamination. B.) competition. C.) theft. D.) boycott.
6) Which was not a consequence of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions? A. )The Alien and Sedition Acts were declared unconstitutional. B.) Congress was forced to repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts. C.)States gained leverage against the federal govt. D.) Politicians could question the constitutionality of federal laws.