Infection Control Principles & Practices

Infection Control Principles & Practices
Chapter 5 – 16’

Clean Mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap/detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris and disease causing germs

Sanitizing Chemical process for reducing the number of disease causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level

Disinfection Chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms on environmental surfaces

It is your duty to ensure that your clients receive their services in the safest possible environment

Why Study This? To be a knowledgeable, successful and responsible professional you are required to understand the types of infections you may encounter. Understanding the basics of cleaning and disinfecting and following state rules will ensure a long successful career.

Understanding the cleaning and disinfecting products that you use and how to use them will help you, your clients and your salon environment from potential pathogens and their modes of transmission

Understanding and practicing proper infection control and local laws/rules will safeguard your business from costly citations for safety violations

Respecting the chemicals used in cleaning and disinfecting by reading labels and following mfg. instructions is necessary to reduce the risks with using any chemicals

Meet the Current Regulations for health and Safety
Federal agencies set guidelines for Manufacturing Sale Use of equipment Chemical ingredients Monitor Safety in the workplace Place limits on types of services performed

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Created by the US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration - OSHA HOME PAGE Regulate and enforce safety and health standards in the workplace

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
Regulating employee exposure to toxic substances Informing about the dangers of materials used Hazard Communication Rule

Requires chemical mfg. and importers assess the hazards associated with their products
MSDS and product labeling are important results of this law

Products in salons Standards address: General safety in the workforce
Handling Mixing Storing disposing General safety in the workforce Your right to know the hazardous ingredients in the products you use

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Federal law requires manufactures (mfg.) to provide Contains important information about chemicals

Identification – Hazard Identification Composition/Information on ingredients First-aid measures Fire-fighting measures Accidental release measures Handling & storage

8. Exposure controls/personal protection 9
8. Exposure controls/personal protection 9. Physical and chemical properties 10. Stability and reactivity 11. Toxicology information 12. Ecological information 13. Disposal considerations 14. Transport information 15. Regulatory information 16. Revision date

OSHA and state regulatory agencies require MSDSs be kept available
State Inspectors can issue fines for not having MSDSs available Web resources PP 71 Did You Know – pp 71 Did you Know - PP 73

Material Safety Data Sheet

Not having an SDS Poses a health risk to all exposed to hazardous materials Is a violation of federal regulations

Each employee is requires to take time to read all of the information to be certain that you are protecting yourself and your clients to the best of your ability and sign the verification sheet

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Disinfectants – chemical products Figure 5-1 Pictograms used on SDSs Two types of disinfectants used in salons

Hospital Disinfectants
Products are safe for cleaning blood and body fluids Used on nonporous surfaces Items made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids

Control the spread of disease
An abnormal condition of all or part of the body/systems/organs which makes the body incapable of carrying on normal functions QUATS

Tuberculocidal Proven to kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
Caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing and are not transmitted on surfaces

It is against FEDERAL LAW to use any disinfecting product contrary to its labeling
If you do not follow the instructions for mixing, contact time and the type of surface the disinfecting product can be used on, you have broken a federal Law. EPA registration number – when used correctly will be effective against pathogens on the label

Caution Box – PP 74 Here’s a Tip – PP 74

State Regulatory Agencies
Exist to protect the consumer’s health, safety, and welfare while receiving services Everyone working in a salon/spa must follow specific procedures

Enforcement through inspections and investigations of consumer complaints
Issue penalties against both the salon and the operator (designer/technician) Warnings to fines Probation Suspension or revocation of licenses Jail time

Laws/Rules – What is the difference?
Laws are written by legislature Determine the scope of practice (what each license is allowed to do) Establish guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules Laws/statutes

Rules/Regulations are written by the regulatory agency or board
Determines how the law will be applied Rules establish specific standards of conduct, can be changed and updated

Principles of Infection
One careless action could cause injury or infection

Infection – the invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogens
If guilty on negligence – you could lose your license

(write on PP 75) We are not seeking to treat any disease or conditions
We are taking steps so that the tools and equipment we use are safe to use on clients

Infection Control Methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms 4 types of potentially harmful organisms Bacteria - Fungi Viruses - Parasites

Infectious disease –caused by pathogenic organisms that enter the body
Spread from person to another

Clean – mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris and germs from tools, implements and equipment

Disinfection – destroys most harmful organisms on environmental surfaces

Disinfectants Bactericidal – kills bacteria Virucidal – kills virus
Fungicidal – kills fungus Mix and use according to manufacturer’s directions (label)

Dirty salon tools and equipment may spread infection from client to client.
You have an OBLIGATION to provide safe services and prevent consumers from harm

You may be found legally responsible for not correctly performing services!

Bacteria Minute one-celled organisms
Known as germs or microbes (write in) Can exist almost everywhere Can be only seen with aid of a microscope 1,500 rod-shaped will fit on the head of a pin (write in)

Microorganism – any organism of microscopic size

Types of Bacteria Nonpathogenic
Helpful or harmless; not disease producing Used to make cheese, yogurt and some medicines Help metabolize food Protect against infectious microorganisms Stimulate immune response

Pathogenic Harmful; disease producing
Strict standards for cleaning and disinfection and follow them!

Classifications of Pathogenic Bacteria
Cocci – round shape, appear singly or alone Staphylococci – pus-forming, grow in bunches/clusters (like grapes), cause boils, abscesses and pustules

Streptococci – pus-forming, arranged in curved lines (like a string of beads), strep throat, blood poisoning Diplococci – grow in pairs , cause pneumonia

Bacilli – short, rod-shaped, most common, cause tetanus and tuberculosis
Spirilla – spiral, corkscrew shaped, cause Lyme disease

Movement of Bacteria Motility – self movement Cocci –
transmitted in the air, in dust or within the substance in which they settle

Bacilli and Spirilla – motile –
use slender hairlike extensions called flagella Whip like motion propels bacteria through liquid (snake-like motion) Cilia – shorter than flagella – require more to create movement (rowing like motion)

Important Tables in Book
Table 5-1 Definitions relating to causes of disease – pp. 78 Table 5-2 General terms relating to disease – pp. 81

Bacterial Growth and Reproduction
Manufacture their own food from the surrounding environment Give off waste Grow and reproduce Protoplasm – outer cell wall containing liquid

Active Stage Warm, dark, damp or dirty places where food is available
Grow and reproduce

Mitosis/Binary Fission
Bacteria reach largest size - divide into two (2) new cells Daughter cells Unfavorable conditions they die or become inactive

Mitosis: An Interactive Animation

Inactive or Spore – Forming Stage
Spherical spores with tough waxy outer coverings/shells Withstand periods of famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures Can be blown about and not harmed by disinfectants, heat or cold

Spores can only be destroyed by sterilization or sporacidal bleach
Spores are dangerous if they enter the body Pose little to no risk to clients in the salon

Bacterial Infections Inflammation – the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection Inflammation is characterized Redness Heat Pain swelling

Infection – occurs when body tissues are invaded by pathogenic bacteria
Pus – is a fluid product of inflammation and contains white blood cells, dead cells, and bacteria The presence of pus is a sign of infection

Local Infection – is one confined to a particular part of the body and is indicated by a lesion containing pus General Infection – results when the bloodstream carries the bacteria or virus and their toxins to all parts of the body

Staphylococci Among the most common human bacteria and carried by 1/3 of the population

Picked up – Doorknobs, countertops, other surfaces
Skin to skin contact – shaking hands, unclean implements Many salons sued for allegedly causing staph infections

Some Staph infections are now resistant to antibiotics
Symptoms – skin infections, pimples and boils Greatest need for proper infection control measures

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
MRSA Weakened immune system Medical procedures Initially appears as pimple, rash or boil Appears as skin infection that can be difficult to cure

You owe it to yourself and your clients to clean and disinfect tools, implements and equipment
Do not perform any service if signs of abrasions or infection!

Spread most commonly by
Contagious – communicable – a disease spread from one person to another by contact Common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis, viral infections, nail, toe or foot infections Spread most commonly by Dirty hands – especially under fingernails or webs between fingers

Chief Sources of contagion
Unclean hands and implements Open sores, pus, mouth and nose discharges Shared drinking cups and towels Telephone receivers Uncovered coughing or sneezing and spitting in public Infected nails

Viruses Parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism. Capable of infecting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria Seen only with the most sophisticated and powerful microscopes

Cause Common colds and other respiratory and gastrointestinal infections Measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, hepatitis, polio, influenza, and HIV

Differences Virus – can live and reproduce only by penetrating other cells and becoming part of them Bacteria – can live and reproduce on their own

Vaccination can prevent viruses from growing in the body
Antibiotics Bacteria – treated Viruses – not affected by Vaccination can prevent viruses from growing in the body

Biofilm Colonies of microorganisms that adhere (stick) to environmental surfaces/human body Sticky protective coating cements together and is hard to penetrate Holds communities together – very hard to pierce with antiseptics, antimicrobials and disinfection

Not usually visible to the naked eye
Must be very large to see Dental plaque Use infection control precautions

Bloodborne Pathogens Disease causing bacteria that are transmitted through the body in the blood or body fluids Use great care to avoid damaging the client’s skin during any type of service

Spread anytime skin is broken
Hair cutting Shaving Nipping Clipping Facial treatments Waxing/tweezing Chemical burns

Federal law - Cutting skin is allowed by qualified medical professionals
Cutting hardened cuticle and removing callus are both considered medical procedures

Hepatitis Blood borne pathogen that damages the liver
Present in all body fluids of infected person

Can live on a surface outside the body for a long time
Vital all surfaces are thoroughly cleaned Be sure to clean hands after coughing or sneezing

Types A, B, C Hepatitis B – most difficult to kill on a surface – check label of disinfectant Public workers should be vaccinated

HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Breaks down the body’s immune system Person to person through blood and other body fluids

Infected many years without symptoms
Testing can tell if infected within 6 months of exposure

Spread Needles – intravenous drug users Unprotected sexual contact
Accidents with needles in the healthcare field Less likely to enter the bloodstream through cuts and sores

Not Spread Holding hands Hugging Kissing
Sharing food or household items Currently no documented cases of food handlers, insects, or casual contact or hair, skin, or nail services

How Pathogens Enter the Body
Did You Know - PP 83 Enter the body: Break in the skin Mouth Nose Eyes and ears Unprotected sex Did You Know – PP 82

Body Fights Infection Unbroken skin Body secretions White cells
antitoxins

Human Disease Carrier A person who is personally immune to a disease, yet can transmit germs to other people (write in on PP 83)

Fungi Single cell organisms – irregular masses
Vegetable (plant) parasites Molds Mildews Yeasts

Produce contagious diseases Mildew
Ringworm Mildew Folliculitis barbae – pseudofolliculitis barbae – inflammation of the hair follicles – caused by staphylococcus aureus – barbs itch/hot tub folliculitis

Areas affected Tinea Barbae – barber’s itch – superficial fungal infection - Mustache/beard Around neck or scalp Usually older adolescents and adult men Tinea Capitis – fungal infection on the scalp

Cleaning clippers of all visible hair
Disinfecting properly reduces the risk of spreading skin and scalp infections Using compressed air to clean clipper blades – effective and saves time

Nail Fungus Implements not properly disinfected
Not properly preparing surface of the natural nail before enhancement products are applied Moisture trapped under nail enhancements Chronic and localized 1 or 2 fingers or toes

Can be spread to other nails and clients if implements are not disinfected before and after each client FDA determined topical treatment applied directly to the affected area is NOT effective

Tinea Pedis – ringworm of the feet
Refer to a physician

Parasites Vegetable or animal organisms that live on another living organism and draw their nourishment from that organism

Animal Parasites Pediculosis Capitis Scabies Both extremely contagious
Head lice Scabies Itch mite – burrows under the skin Both extremely contagious

NEVER treated or work on in a salon!!!
Refer to a physician Clean contaminated areas with pesticide or insecticide – mfg. directions

Parasites Vegetable Animal
PARASITES: Vegetable or animal organisms that live in or on other living organisms. Examples are head and body lice. Vegetable parasites or fungi. Produce contagious diseases such as ringworm or favus, which is a disease of the scalp. Includes molds, mildews, and yeasts. Can cause lifting of the finger or toenails. Tinea barbae (barber’s itch) can be caused from unclean clippers. Nail fungus can be spread by unclean implements or not preparing the nail plate before applying enhancement products. See Fig Animal parasites. Responsible for contagious diseases. A parasite carried by a mosquito causes malaria. Insects that carry diseases from one person to another are known as disease vectors. The itch mite burrows under skin and causes scabies. Head lice is called pediculosis capitis. Scabies is another contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite. See Fig REMINDER: Contagious diseases caused by parasites are never treated in a cosmetology school or salon. They should be referred to a physician.

Immunity Natural immunity
The ability of the body to destroy any bacteria that have gained entrance and resist infection in general Natural immunity Partly inherited Partly developed through hygienic living

Acquired immunity The body develops after it overcomes a disease
Through inoculation (chicken Pox)

Prevent the Spread of Disease
Proper infection control/decontamination can prevent spread of disease caused by infectious material on a surface Prevent exposure to blood and visible debris or residue

Three main levels (write on page 84)
1st – sterilization 2nd – disinfection 3rd - sanitation Only disinfection and sanitation are required in a salon

Sterilization Highest level
Completely destroys all microbial life on a surface Kills bacterial spores (inactive stage) – most resistant form of life Dentist and surgeons use Texas – manicurists

Autoclaves Pressurized Steam penetrates spore coats of pathogens
Require regular maintenance and testing Color strips on bags are indicators not verifiers

CDC requires autoclaves to be tested weekly
Spore test Send to contracted lab Find on internet If intended temps are not reached – creates a breeding ground for pathogens (warm, moist, dark)

Follow mfg. directions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Keep a logbook Cleaning
changing water Service visits Replacement parts Required maintenance Keep a logbook

Cannot sterilize the skin or nail plate without killing it
If estheticians use needles and probes that lance the skin - they must also use sterilization processes Best to use disposable

Only non porous surface can be sterilized
Metal implements can be sterilized but wood cannot Sterilization in a salon is impractical and unnecessary Unless exposed to blood

Decontamination Contaminants – substances that can cause contamination (write on PP 85) Hair in a comb, makeup on a towel, nail dust on a file A salon can never be completely free from all contamination

It is YOUR responsibility as a professional to be constantly looking for disease causing contaminants Did You Know – PP 85

Decontamination The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of visible debris or residue

Cleaning Remove all visible dirt and debris
Wash with liquid soap and warm water Clean with disinfected nail brush to scrub any grooved or hinged portions

Surface is cleaned when number of contaminates is greatly reduced
A surface must be properly cleaned before it can be disinfected Properly clean and sanitize hands Discussed later in chapter

3 ways to clean tools/implements
Wash with soap and water Scrub with brush Ultrasonic unit Cleaning solvent

Disinfection Second level
Kills most microorganisms on hard nonporous surfaces

2 steps Step 1:Cleaning: Cleaning Disinfecting
Remove all visible dirt & debris Wash with warm water & soap Scrub with brush grooves and crevices

Disinfectant label must have:
Step 2: Disinfection Eliminates most microorganisms Not effective against bacterial spores Disinfectant label must have: EPA registration number Specific organisms the solution is effective in killing Use according to MFG directions!!!!!!!!!!!!

Disinfectants are not for use on human skin, hair or nails!
Never use as hand cleaners! Allergy – a reaction due to sensitivity Did You Know? - PP 86

Read carefully before using!
Disinfectants can be dangerous if used improperly Must be approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and each individual state

All disinfectants clearly state on the label to avoid skin contact
Do not put your fingers directly into any disinfectant solution These are pesticides All bottles must be labeled! Caution boxes on page 86

Choosing a Disinfectant
Read the label! to use properly and safely Follow mfg. directions! Mixing precautions Exposure times What the disinfectant has been tested for

Disinfectants Chemical agents used to destroy most bacteria Fungi
Some viruses and to disinfect implements and surfaces Does not kill bacterial spores

Mixing chemicals stronger than recommended by the manufacturer counteracts their effectiveness
The use of goggles and gloves is usually recommended

Mixing ratios are & contact time are VERY important
If concentrate is NOT on the label it is ready to use without mixing Contact time – amount of time the surface must stay moist with disinfectant to be effective

Efficacy The ability to produce an effect
Effectiveness with which solution will kill organisms To meet salon requirements Bacteria Fungi viruses

When salon implements come into contact blood, body fluids or unhealthy conditions:
Cleansed Completely immersed in an EPA-Registered hospital disinfectant solution Effective against HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis

Proper Use of Disinfectants
Any item that is used on a client must be disinfected or discarded All implements must be thoroughly cleansed before soaking to avoid contaminating the disinfection solution “Did you Know” box – pp.. 87

Implements be completely submerged for proper disinfection
Complete immersion – cover all surfaces of the item

Disinfectant Tips: Pre-cleaned, hard, non-porous surfaces
Wear gloves and safety glasses Dilute according to mfg. directions Immerse and soak according to the label Spray and leave on for required mfg. time on label

If directions say to immerse – spraying will not work
Change solution according to mfg. directions Circulate in whirlpool spas for required mfg. time Any other use than that on the label is a violation of Federal Law (write on page 86)

NOTE: absorbent nail files must be thrown out if break client’s skin or make contact with unhealthy skin or nails Ex: nail with a fungus Ex. infected hangnail

Types of Disinfectants
QUATS – Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Considered non-toxic, odorless and fast-acting Immerse implements for 10 minutes Enough liquid to cover all surfaces of item

Contain anti-rust ingredients
Leaving tools in solution too long can cause damage Remove, rinse, dried, stored in clean covered container Metal implements should be oiled regularly Effective for countertops and tables

Phenolic Disinfectants
Tuberculocidal Form of formaldehyde Caustic poison – high pH Can cause damage to skin and eyes, and some environments Can be safe and effective if used according to instructions

Do use on pedicure equipment/tubs unless required by law
Harmful to environment of put down drain Disadvantage – most rubber and plastic materials may be softened or discolored Metal implements can rust

Extra care to avoid skin contact – cause irritation
concentrated formulas can seriously burn the skin and burn the eyes Some are poisonous if accidentally ingested carcinogens

Alcohol and Bleach Ethanol (70%) and Isopropyl (99%) alcohol are used sometimes to disinfect metal implements Alcohol is NOT an EPA registered disinfectant – therefore not permitted for use on implements in states where hospital level disinfectants are required

Disadvantages: Extremely flammable, evaporate quickly, slow-acting, less effective Corrode implements and cause sharp edges to become dull They discolor and damage the surface of floors and countertops Vapors can cause headaches and nausea when inhaled in high concentrations or after prolong exposure

Bleach Sodium Hypochlorite Household bleach- 5.25%
Effective disinfectant Some of the same disadvantages as alcohol Not for use in most states Effective additive for laundry

Corrosive to metals and plastics
Cause skin irritation and eye damage Not be used to disinfect salon and spa tools/implements

Follow mfg. directions Store solution away from heat & light Mix every 24 hours Can irritating to lungs Do not inhale fumes

Commercial cleansers Lysol and pine-sol – write on PP 88
Floors, bathrooms, sinks, waste cans Not for use on salon implements General household cleaners Not for professional tools

Disinfectant Safety Pesticides - poison
Can be hazardous if used incorrectly Poisonous if ingested Can cause serious skin and eye damage USE CAUTION! Follow mfg. directions

List on pp. 89 Wet disinfectant jars – solutions changed daily – wear gloves kept free from debris Purpose is to disinfect – not clean Covered but not airtight Follow mfg. directions

Disinfect or Dispose Multi-use “Disinfectable” Cleaned Disinfected
Used more than once “Disinfectable” Items that can be disinfected

Multiuse: Reusable Cleaned & disinfected Used on more than 1 person
Hard, nonporous surface

Single-use: Disposable Cannot be used more than 1 time
Cannot properly be cleaned Thrown out after each use

Porous Made or constructed of an absorbent material (has open pores or openings) Contact with broken skin, blood, body fluids, or any unhealthy conditions MUST BE DISCARDED!!!!!!!!!!!! Caution boxes pp. 90

Keep a logbook Follow mfg. directions State may not require
Clients peace of mind & confidence in you

Disinfecting nonelectrical tools & equipment
Multiuse tools & implements must be cleaned & disinfected before & after every service Mix according to mfg. directions! Remember to always add the disinfectant to the water Pp

Disinfecting Implements
Pre-clean 2. Rinse thoroughly and pat dry 3. gloves, goggles or safety glasses 4. Mix disinfectant according to mfg. directions 5. Use gloves or tongs, completely immerse implements or tools – soak for the required time

6. Remove from solution with tongs, basket, or gloves
7. Rinse thoroughly, and dry 8. Place disinfected implements in clean, dry, disinfected container (pictures PP 97-98)

Disinfecting Electrical Tools/Equipment
Contact points cannot be immersed in a wet solution Spray with EPA registered, hospital-grade disinfectant for electrical equipment Follow mfg. directions

Disinfecting Work Surfaces
Before and after each client spray with hospital-grade disinfectant Any surface client’s skin came into contact Doorknobs, phones etc. - transferring germs Follow mfg. directions Usually 10 minutes

Disinfection Procedures
Clean surface 2. Spray disinfectant 3. Let stand 10 minutes 4. Wipe dry (write on top/bottom of page 90 or 91)

Disinfecting Linens, Capes and Towels
Laundered and bleached according to label directions Completely dried All capes and linens that come into contact with clients must be laundered according to mfg. directions Use Sanex strips

Store soiled linens in covered close container
Use disposable towels as much as possible (bathrooms) Do not allow capes to touch client’s skin Wash after each client

Disinfecting Pedicure Equipment & Foot Spas
Read mfg. directions Write in page pp 91 – follow state guidelines Improperly disinfected whirlpools can harbor bacteria

Procedures on page Handout Caution boxes pp. 91

Detergents and Soap Chelating surfactants Work to breakdown debris
Important to remove residue from products Scrubs, salts, and masques Did You Know Box – PP 92

Work with all types of water Low-sudsing
Specially formulated to work with hard water Makes disinfectants less effective Ask distributor for hard water products Information on product label

Additives, Powders and Soaps
You CANNOT replace proper cleaning and disinfection with a shortcut Must use EPA registered disinfectant Water sanitizers do not work for a salon environment Chloramine T – treat water & have limited value in salons

Dispensary Must be kept clean and orderly All containers labeled
Store according to mfg. directions MSDS (s) kept on every chemical in stock

Handling Single-use or Disposable Supplies
All single use thrown out after use Anything exposed to blood must be double-bagged Marked as bio-hazard Disposed of according to OSHA regulations Separate from other waste

Individual Client Packs
Each item must be cleaned, disinfected, and dried Do not store disposable items Client’s own tools must cleaned and disinfected before and after using It is YOUR license at risk

Washing the Hands Is one of the most important actions that can be taken to prevent the transfer of microorganisms from one person to another Before and after each client Removes germs from folds, grooves of skin, under nail free edge

Use paper towel to open door
Caution box pp. 93 Avoid touching Bar soaps towel dispenser door handle/knob Use paper towel to open door

Hand washing procedure pp. 104 Antimicrobial & antibacterial
soaps can dry the skin No more effective Minimize use use moisturizers Very hot water can dry skin

Hand Washing Procedures
Wet your hands with warm water 2. Using liquid soap lather hands for 15 – 20 seconds 3. Rinse with warm water 4. Dry with paper towel - not cloth (page 104)

Waterless Hand Sanitizers
Antiseptics - Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin Regulated by the FDA Intended to reduce the number of microbes and slow growth Antibacterial soaps when overused can be harsh and drying and can eventually lead to eczema

Antiseptics Can kill, retard, or prevent growth of bacteria
Not disinfectants Weaker than disinfectants Safe for human skin Classified as sanitizers – not for use on instruments and surfaces

Sanitation – write on PP 93
Cleaning - removing all visible dirt and debris Third = lowest level of decontamination Cleaning A surface must be properly cleaned or it cannot be properly disinfected

Do not underestimate importance of cleaning.
Most powerful and important way to prevent spread of infection.

Follow Standard Precautions to Protect You and Your Client
Set of guidelines and controls Center for Disease Control and Prevention Assume that ALL HUMAN BLOOD AND SPECIFIED HUMAN BODY FLUIDS ARE INFECTIOUS for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens

Asymptomatic Show no signs of symptoms or signs of infection
May not even know they are infected Blood of all clients should be treated as if infected

Precautions Hand washing Gloving Personal protective equipment
Goggles Proper handling and disposal of sharp implements and items that have been contaminated by blood and other body fluids.

Injury prevention Proper handling and disposal of needles and products that are contaminated by blood or other body fluids

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard

Gloves Quotes on PP. 94 Single use New set each client
Removal procedures

Did You Know Box – PP 94 Caution Box – PP. 94

Exposure Incident: Contact with Blood or Body Fluid
Contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious material Caution Box pp. 95 Procedure – PP. 105

Blood Spill Disinfection
1. Stop, clean injury 2. Gloves 3. Apply antiseptic 4. Cover injury 5. Clean client and workstation

6. Discard all disposable objects
7. Remove gloves 8. Completely immerse all contaminated implements in an EPA registered, hospital-grade disinfectant that kills HIV and Hepatitis B

The Professional Image
Overall health, safety and cleanliness should be an integral part of your normal routine and all those who work around you PP. 96

Your Professional Responsibility
The most important responsibility you have is to protect your client’s health as well as you own Never take short cuts! To be an effective cosmetologist you must learn and follow ALL the rules to the letter of the law By doing so you, your peers and clients will maintain a sense of trust and respect for each other

Infection Control Principles & Practices

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