1. Did Jesus Die As Our Substitute?
August 6, 2015
Alpharetta Bible Study
Speaker: Allen Dvorak

2. Did Jesus Die As Our Substitute?
A Look at the Penal Substitution View

3. “Jesus suffered the punishment due the sinner.”
“Jesus paid the price for our sins.”
“On the cross, Jesus took our place.”
“Jesus died as our substitute.”
Remedy? Or Penalty?

4. Where Are We Headed? Discuss the purpose of Christ’s death.
Evaluate the claim that Jesus suffered the punishment due the sinner.

5. Jesus Died On Our Behalf
6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 For one will scarcely die for a righteous person—though perhaps for a good person one would dare even to die— 8 but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
-- Romans 5:6–8; ESV
But we see him who for a little while was made lower than the angels, namely Jesus, crowned with glory and honor because of the suffering of death, so that by the grace of God he might taste death for everyone.
-- Hebrews 2:9; ESV

6. Jesus Died On Our Behalf
But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed.
-- Isaiah 53:5; ESV
By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people?
-- Isaiah 53:8; ESV

7. Jesus Died On Our Behalf
6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 For one will scarcely die for a righteous person— though perhaps for a good person one would dare even to die— 8 but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
-- Romans 5:6–8; ESV
ὑπέρ
“a marker indicating that an activity or event is in some entity’s interest, for, in behalf of, for the sake of someone/something”
-- BDAG
“a marker of a participant who is benefited by an event or on whose behalf an event takes place—‘for, on behalf of, for the sake of.’”
-- Louw-Nida

8. Why Did Jesus Die?
Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.
-- Hebrews 9:22; ESV
Forgiveness of sins requires the giving a life.
That sacrificial life must be “without blemish” (Lev. 1:3, 10; 3:1, 6; 4:3, 23, 28, 32; 5:15, 18; 6:16)
18 knowing that you were ransomed from the futile ways inherited from your forefathers, not with perishable things such as silver or gold, 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot.
-- 1 Peter 1:18–19; ESV

9. Why Did Jesus Die?
Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.
-- Hebrews 9:22; ESV
Forgiveness of sins requires the giving a life.
That sacrificial life must be “without blemish” (Lev. 1:3, 10; 3:1, 6; 4:3, 23, 28, 32; 5:15, 18; 6:16)
For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in every respect has been tempted as we are, yet without sin.
-- Hebrews 4:15; ESV

10. Why Did Jesus Die?
Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.
-- Hebrews 9:22; ESV
Forgiveness of sins requires the giving a life.
That sacrificial life must be “without blemish” (Lev. 1:3, 10; 3:1, 6; 4:3, 23, 28, 32; 5:15, 18; 6:16)
how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God.
-- Hebrews 9:14; ESV

11. He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth.
Why Did Jesus Die?
Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.
-- Hebrews 9:22; ESV
Forgiveness of sins requires the giving a life.
That sacrificial life must be “without blemish” (Lev. 1:3, 10; 3:1, 6; 4:3, 23, 28, 32; 5:15, 18; 6:16)
He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth.
-- 1 Peter 2:22; ESV

12. The Death of Jesus Propitiation Redemption Justification
Reconciliation

13. The Death of Jesus Propitiation
21 But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it— 22 the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction: 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins.
-- Romans 3:21–25; ESV
The Death of Jesus

14. The Death of Jesus Propitiation
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.
-- Romans 1:18; ESV
Propitiation
The Death of Jesus
Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.
-- John 3:36; ESV
Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved by him from the wrath of God.
-- Romans 5:9; ESV

15. The Death of Jesus Propitiation Redemption
In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace,
-- Ephesians 1:7; ESV
Propitiation
Redemption
The Death of Jesus
18 knowing that you were ransomed from the futile ways inherited from your forefathers, not with perishable things such as silver or gold, 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot.
-- 1 Peter 1:18–19; ESV

16. The Death of Jesus Propitiation Redemption Justification
and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus,
-- Romans 3:24; ESV
Redemption
The Death of Jesus
Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved by him from the wrath of God.
-- Romans 5:9; ESV
Justification

17. The Death of Jesus Propitiation Redemption Justification
For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, now that we are reconciled, shall we be saved by his life.
-- Romans 5:10; ESV
Redemption
The Death of Jesus
1 Behold, the Lord’s hand is not shortened, that it cannot save, or his ear dull, that it cannot hear; 2 but your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, and your sins have hidden his face from you so that he does not hear.
-- Isaiah 59:1–2; ESV
Justification
Reconciliation

18. Classic Penal Substitution Theory
Jesus received the punishment due all sinners - a substitutionary death.
All the sins of mankind were imputed to Jesus.

19. 6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned— every one—to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.
11 Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. 12 Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.
-- Isaiah 53:6–12; ESV

20. He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. By his wounds you have been healed.
-- 1 Peter 2:24; ESV
For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.
-- 2 Corinthians 5:21; ESV
Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us—for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree”—
-- Galatians 3:13; ESV

21. Jesus Bore Our Sins!
Literally? Becoming guilty of our sins?
The soul who sins shall die. The son shall not bear the guilt of the father, nor the father bear the guilt of the son. The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself.
-- Ezekiel 18:20; NKJV
In some figurative sense?
For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.
-- 2 Corinthians 5:21; ESV

22. Jesus Bore Our Sins!
15 “If anyone commits a breach of faith and sins unintentionally in any of the holy things of the Lord, he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation, a ram without blemish out of the flock, valued in silver shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. 16 He shall also make restitution for what he has done amiss in the holy thing and shall add a fifth to it and give it to the priest. And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven.
-- Leviticus 5:15–16; ESV
10 Yet it was the will of the Lord to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the Lord shall prosper in his hand. 11 Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities.
-- Isaiah 53:10–11; ESV

23. Jesus Bore Our Sins! Surely he has borne our griefs and
carried our sorrows;
yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.
-- Isaiah 53:4; ESV
11 Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.
-- Isaiah 53:11–12; ESV

24. Jesus Bore Our Sins! Surely he has borne our griefs and
carried our sorrows;
yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.
-- Isaiah 53:4; ESV
16 That evening they brought to him many who were oppressed by demons, and he cast out the spirits with a word and healed all who were sick. 17 This was to fulfill what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah: “He took our illnesses and bore our diseases.”
-- Matthew 8:16–17; ESV

25. Jesus Bore Our Sins! Surely he has borne our griefs and
carried our sorrows;
yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.
-- Isaiah 53:4; ESV
11 Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.
-- Isaiah 53:11–12; ESV

26. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed.
-- Isaiah 53:5; ESV
Yet it was the will of the Lord to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.
-- Isaiah 53:10; ESV

27. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
What is the punishment for sin?
Spiritual death - a consequence of sin
And you, who were dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses,
-- Colossians 2:13; ESV
And you were dead in the trespasses and sins
-- Ephesians 2:1; ESV
For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, so also faith apart from works is dead.
-- James 2:26; ESV

28. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
What is the punishment for sin?
Spiritual death - a consequence of sin
Eternal separation - the punishment for sin
For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.
-- Romans 6:23; ESV
9 They will suffer the punishment of eternal destruction, away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his might, 10 when he comes on that day to be glorified in his saints, and to be marveled at among all who have believed, because our testimony to you was believed.
-- 2 Thessalonians 1:9–10; ESV
“Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.
-- Matthew 25:41; ESV

29. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
What is the punishment for sin?
Spiritual death - a consequence of sin
Eternal separation - the punishment for sin
Is physical death the punishment for sin?
The soul who sins shall die. The son shall not suffer for the iniquity of the father, nor the father suffer for the iniquity of the son. The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself.
-- Ezekiel 18:20; ESV
Behold, all souls are mine; the soul of the father as well as the soul of the son is mine: the soul who sins shall die.
-- Ezekiel 18:4; ESV
The soul who sins shall die. The son shall not bear the guilt of the father, nor the father bear the guilt of the son. The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself.
-- Ezekiel 18:20; NKJV

30. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
What is the punishment for sin?
Spiritual death - a consequence of sin
Eternal separation - the punishment for sin
Is physical death the punishment for sin?
Suffering?
9 But we see him who for a little while was made lower than the angels, namely Jesus, crowned with glory and honor because of the suffering of death, so that by the grace of God he might taste death for everyone. 10 For it was fitting that he, for whom and by whom all things exist, in bringing many sons to glory, should make the founder of their salvation perfect through suffering.
-- Hebrews 2:9–10; ESV
8 Although he was a son, he learned obedience through what he suffered. 9 And being made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation to all who obey him,
-- Hebrews 5:8–9; ESV

31. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
Arguments against…
Immoral for God to punish the innocent
“The trouble with believing that God punished Jesus with the punishment that sinners were due to get for their sins is that if God punished Jesus he was punishing a man he knew to be utterly innocent and utterly righteous—that’s immoral and God himself forbids it (Deuteronomy 24:16)”
— Jim McGuiggan

32. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
Arguments against…
Immoral for God to punish the innocent
Jesus’ death was not even God’s plan/idea
“God didn’t nail Jesus to the cross. Peter told the Jews, ‘…you nailed [Him] to a cross’ (Acts 2:23). God’s hands didn’t put Jesus up on the cross, but it was ‘the hands of godless men’ who put Him there (Acts 2:23), and if they were godless, they weren’t acting on God’s orders. Then in Acts 3:13-14, Peter told the Jews they ‘delivered and disowned’ Jesus in the presence of Pilate, who decided to release Him. In Acts 4:10, Peter told the priests that they crucified Jesus. In Acts 5:30, Peter told the Sanhedrin members that they put Jesus to death. In Acts 7:51- 53, Stephen told the priests that they were betrayers and murderers and lawbreakers. Paul preached it in Acts 12:28. The blame and the guilt for the death of Jesus is always placed on men, never on God.”

33. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
Arguments against…
Immoral for God to punish the innocent
Jesus’ death was not even God’s plan/idea
“The death of the Christ was not God’s idea…it was man’s idea which God foresaw, and God used it to accomplish His purpose in providing salvation.” 

34. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
Arguments against…
Immoral for God to punish the innocent
Jesus’ death was not even God’s plan/idea
Yet it was the will of the Lord to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.
-- Isaiah 53:10; ESV
this Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men.
-- Acts 2:23; ESV

35. “Jesus Took Our Punishment On The Cross”
Arguments against…
Immoral for God to punish the innocent
Jesus’ death was not even God’s plan/idea
41 And he withdrew from them about a stone’s throw, and knelt down and prayed, 42 saying, “Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done.”
-- Luke 22:41–42; ESV
And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.
-- Philippians 2:8; ESV

36. What Can We Conclude? Fact: Jesus’ death is connected to our sins.
Forgiveness of sins necessitates the shedding of blood (Hebrews 9:22). He provided the remedy for our sins.
Jesus was certainly chastised by men, but did He “take our punishment”?
Punishment? Three options:
Physical death
Eternal spiritual death
Physical suffering
Is there any sense in which Jesus acted as our substitute in His death?