1. UNIT 5 3º ESO 2017-2018 VOCABULARY: FASHION / COMMERCE
GRAMMAR: SO/SUCH/TOO/(NOT)ENOUGH
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE

2. SO/SUCH/TOO/(NOT)ENOUGH
SUCH / SO
The uniform is SO practical, (that) you don’t have to think about what to wear next day
You were wearing SUCH a smart dress you seemed an actress
I hate wearing a uniform to school it’s SO dull..
Wearing a uniform to school is SUCH A dull thing
You wear SUCH tight jeans it has to be very uncomfotable, baggy are more comfortable
TAN
SUCH (A/AN)+ noun
(without A/AN if the noun is uncountable or plural)
SO + adjective / adverb

3. SO/SUCH/TOO/(NOT)ENOUGH
I have SO MANY colourful T shirts that my wardrobe seems a rainbow!
You spend SO MUCH money on clothes that you can’t save a penny!
Había tanta gente en la fiesta que no vi a tu hermana
There were SO MANY people in the party (that)I didn’t see your sister
There were SO MANY cool people in the party (that)I didn’t see your sister
Tenia tanto dinero mi abuelo que compró una casa para cada uno de sus hijos
My grandfather had SO MUCH money that he bought a house to each of his children
TANTO
SO MUCH + Uncountable Nouns
SO MANY+ Countable Nouns

4. ¿Te estás leyendo ese libro tan aburrido?
Are you reading SUCH A boring book?
Ese libro que te estás leyendo es tan aburrido
That book you are reading is SO boring
Se metío en un problema tan grande (get into a mess/ get into a trouble)
He got into SUCH a big problem / mess
El problema que tuvo era tan grande
The problem he had was SO BIG
Vimos una película tan fantástica que no me dormí
We saw / watched SUCH AN amazing film I didn’t fall sleep!
Esa película que vimos en el cine era tan fantástica que no me dormí
That film/ movie we saw in the cinema was SO amazing I didn’t fall sleep!
TAN: So + adj/adv
TANTOS: So much + noun
TANTOS: So many + noun
TAN: Such
Such a + (adj)+ noun
Such an + (adj)+ noun

5. SO/SUCH/TOO/(NOT)ENOUGH
The uniform is TOO plain, I would prefer it if it were more colourful
I hate wearing a uniform to school it’s TOO dull..
I have TOO MANY colourful T shirts that I don’t have enough place in my wardrobe
You spend TOO MUCH money on clothes so you are not going to save a penny!
DEMASIADO
TOO + ADJECTIVE
TOO MUCH + Uncountable Nouns
TOO MANY+ Countable Nouns

6. This room is TOO COLD so I’m going to close the window
Hace demasiado frio en esta habitación así que voy a cerrar la ventana( esta habitación es demasiado fría)
This room is TOO COLD so I’m going to close the window
Hace tanto frio en esta habitación que cerraré la ventana
This room is SO COLD (that) I will close the window
Había demasiada gente en la fiesta así que no vi a tu hermana
There were TOO MANY people in the party so I didn’t see your sister
Había tanta gente en la fiesta que no pude ver a tu hermana
There were SO MANY people in the party (that) I couldn’t see your sister
Esa película era tan divertida que estuve riendo durante horas
That film / movie was SO funny I was laughing for hours
Esa película era demasiado divertida, no pude parar de reir
That film / movie was TOO funny, I couldn’t stop laughing
Haces demasiado ruido y no puedo dormir al bebé
You make TOO MUCH noise and I can’t sleep the baby
Haces tanto ruido que no puedo dormir al bebé
You make SO MUCH noise (that) I can’t sleep the baby
Tengo tanto dinero que no se que voy a hacer con el
I have got SO MUCH money that I don’t know what am I going to do with it
Tengo demasiado dinero para guardarlo en el banco ( store it/ save it)
I have got TOO MUCH money to store/save it in the bank
DEMASIADO: TOO + adj/adv
DEMASIADO: TOO much + noun
DEMASIADO: TOO many + noun

7. SO/SUCH/TOO/(NOT)ENOUGH
I think the uniform is confortable ENOUGH to wear it everyday.
Do you think this film is good ENOUGH to watch it?
Your clothes are casual ENOUGH to come home tonight
I have ENOUGH money to buy me that cool jacket we saw in Bershka last week.
SUFICIENTE
adjective / adverb + ENOUGH
ENOUGH + noun

8. SUFIENTE: Enough ENOUGH + noun Adj/Adv + ENOUGH
1. Tengo suficiente dinero para viajar a Nueva York este verano, he ahorrado durante meses
I have got ENOUGH money to travel to New York this summer, I have been saving money/ I have saved money for months
Tengo tanto dinero que puedo viajar a Nueva York cada verano
I have got SO MUCH money I can travel to New York every summer
Tengo demasiado dinero , me iré a Nueva York este verano y me lo gastaré todo
I have got TOO MUCH money, I will travel to New York this summer and I will spend every penny
2. La habitación es lo suficientemente cálida para que duerma el bebé aquí (Hace suficiente calor en esta habitación)
The room is warm ENOUGH for the baby to sleep in
The room is warm ENOUGH so the baby can sleep here
Hace demasiado frio en esta habitación así que voy a cerrar la ventana( esta habitación es demasiado fría)
This room is TOO COLD so I’m going to close the window
Hace tanto frio en esta habitación que cerraré la ventana
This room is SO COLD (that) I will close the window
3. Había suficiente gente en la fiesta para jugar varios partidos de fútbol
There were ENOUGH people in the party top lay several football matches
Había demasiada gente en la fiesta así que no vi a tu hermana
There were TOO MANY people in the party so I didn’t see your sister
Había tanta gente en la fiesta que no pude ver a tu hermana
There were SO MANY people in the party (that) I couldn’t see your sister
SUFIENTE: Enough
ENOUGH + noun
Adj/Adv + ENOUGH

9. 4. Había suficientes películas en el cine para estar días sentada allí
There were ENOUGH films in the cinema to spend hours sitting there
Esa película era tan divertida que estuve riendo durante horas
That film / movie was SO funny I was laughing for hours
Esa película era demasiado divertida, no pude parar de reir
That film / movie was TOO funny, I couldn’t stop laughing
5. Eres lo suficientemente ruidoso para crear una banda de rock
You are noisy ENOUGH to make/form a rock band
Haces demasiado ruido y no puedo dormir al bebé
You make TOO MUCH noise and I can’t sleep the baby
Haces tanto ruido que no puedo dormir al bebé
You make SO MUCH noise (that) I can’t sleep the baby
SUFIENTE: Enough
ENOUGH + noun
Adj/Adv + ENOUGH

10. SO/SUCH/TOO/(NOT)ENOUGH
SUCH / SO: TAN
SO + ADJECTIVE / ADVERB The film is SO boring
SUCH (A/AN)+ NOUN You are watching SUCH a boring film
SUCH + UNCOUNTABLE OR PLURAL NOUNS
You watch SUCH boring films
SUCH: TANTO
SO MUCH + Uncountable Nouns You drink SO MUCH water
SO MANY+ Countable Nouns You read SO MANY boring books
TOO: DEMASIADO
TOO + ADJECTIVE I don’t like models nowadays, they are TOO thin
TOO MUCH + Uncountable Nouns Messi has TOO MUCH money
TOO MANY+ Countable Nouns You don’t read TOO MANY books
ENOUGH: SUFICIENTE
adjective / adverb + ENOUGH My house is big ENOUGH for the party
ENOUGH + noun I have ENOUGH money to buy you a present

11. TAN (SO / SO MUCH-MANY/ SUCH / SUCH A-AN)
Translations
TAN (SO / SO MUCH-MANY/ SUCH / SUCH A-AN)
¡Tienes tantas ideas geniales!
You have SO MANY great ideas!
En esta tienda venden una ropa tan guay
They sell such cool clothes in that shop!
Hace un día tan genial. ¡Salgamos!
It’s SUCH a great/lovely day. Let’s go out!
Ese vaquero es tan apretado
Those jeans are SO tight
No entiendo porque llevas una falda tan corta
I can’t understand why are you wearing SUCH a short skirt

12. ACTIVITIES

13. Translate the following sentences into English
Prefiero no llevar ropa tan aburrida para salir
I prefer not to wear such dull clothes to go out
Esa camiseta está demasiado estampada
That t-shirt is too patterned
Esta chaqueta no es suficientemente práctica, no la voy a comprar
That jacket is not enough practical, I’m not going to buy it
Este libro es tan interesante que no puedo dejar de leerlo
This book is so interesting I can’t stop reading it

14. Hoy en día los pantalones son llevado por mujeres alrededor del mundo
Nowadays trousers are worn by women all around the world
Se diseñó mucha ropa el año pasado
I lot of clothes was designed last year
La habitación se limpia una vez a la semana
The room is cleaned once a week
Este estilo solo lo llevan los jóvenes
This style is only worn by teenagers
¿Fue visto el programa ayer? ¿Cuánta gente lo vio?
Was the programme watched yesterday? How many people watched it?
Algodón se cultiva aquí y luego este se exporta a Europa
Cotton is grown here and then it is exported to Europe
El desfile va a ser abierto por Victoria Beckham
The fashion show is going to be opened by Victoria Beckham

15. VOCABULARY – FASHION DULL COMFORTABLE UNCOMFORTABLE PRACTICAL
IMPRACTICAL
PLAIN
PATTERNED
BAGGY
TIGHT
CASUAL
SMART
CLASHING
MATCHING
COOL
UNCOOL
COLOURFUL

16. Bring some pictures from home and comment the styles and look you like the most and why

17. VOCABULARY - COMMERCE DESIGNER DESIGN EXPORTER EXPORT GROWER GROW
IMPORTER
MANUFACTURER
PRODUCER
SHOPPER
SUPPLIER
WORK ER
DESIGN
EXPORT
GROW
IMPORT
MANUFACTURE
PRODUCE
SHOP
SUPPLY
WORK
CAN YOU EXPLAIN ME USING THIS VOCABULARY HOW DOES COMMERCE WORK?

18. Active or passive? PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE PASSIVE PASSIVE PASSIVE
The entire house WAS PAINTED by Tom.
The teacher always ANSWERS the students’ questions.
The treaty IS BEING signed by the two kings.
The students’ questions ARE always ANSWERED by the teacher.
Money WAS generously DONATED to the homeless shelter.
That piece IS really ENJOYED by the audience.
Who TAUGHT you to ski?
The whole suburb WAS DESTROYED by the forest fire.
The two kings ARE SIGNING the treaty.
Larry generously DONATED money to the homeless shelter.
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
PASSIVE
PASSIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE

19. No one responded to my sales ad.
ACTIVE
No one responded to my sales ad.
My sales ad was not responded to by anyone.
The wedding planner is making all the reservations.
All the reservations will be made by the wedding planner.
Susan will bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake sale.
For the bake sale, two dozen cookies will be baked by Susan.
The science class viewed the comet.
The comet was viewed by the science class.
Who ate the last cookie?
The last cookie was eaten by whom?
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE

20. Alex posted the video on Facebook.
The video was posted on Facebook by Alex.
The director will give you instructions.
Instructions will be given to you by the director.
Thousands of tourists view the Grand Canyon every year.
The Grand Canyon is viewed by thousands of tourists every year.
7. The homeowners remodeled the house to help it sell.
8. The house was remodeled by the homeowners to help it sell.
9. The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow.
10. The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow.
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE

21. PASSIVE SENTENCES
We use the passive voice to make the action in a sentence more important than the person who does the action.
The action is more important
We don’t know who did it
Lots of people did it
We don’t want to say who did it
For example: In a restaurant
Customers eat dinner
Dinner is eaten
Waiters serve food
Food is served
People drink wine
Wine is drunk
The waiter pours wine
Wine is poured
EAT – IS EATEN
SERVE– IS SERVED
DRIN– IS DRUNK
POURS– IS POURED

22. When we use an ACTIVE verb, we say what the subject does:
PASSIVE SENTENCES
When we use an ACTIVE verb, we say what the subject does:
My grandfather was a builder. He built his house in 1945
I work in a big company. It employs two hundred people
When we use a PASSIVE verb, we say what happens to the subject:
This house is quite old. It was built in 1935
Two hundred people are employed in this company
When we use the PASSIVE , who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant:
A lot of money was stolen in the robbery ( somebody stole it, but we don’t know who)
Is this room cleaned everyday? ( does somebody clean it? – it’s not important who)
If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by ...
This house was built by my grandfather
Two hundred people are employed by the company
BE (Is/are/am/was/were/will be/won’t be/would be/can be...)+PAST PARTICIPLE (cleaned/bought/seen/eaten...)
Somebody cleans this room every day
This room is cleaned every day
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday
This room was cleaned yesterday

23. They can be used with any tense.
PRESENT SIMPLE
Presents are made with love
PAST SIMPLE
Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare
FUTURE SIMPLE
His new film will be released in July
FUTURE: BE GOING TO +INFINITIVE
You are going to be treated great in your visit
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
My room is being painted in this moment
PAST CONTINUOUS
The baby was being fed when you arrived home
PRESENT PERFECT
The car has been checked this morning
MODALS
The law must be followed by all the students

24. They can be used with any tense.
PRESENT SIMPLE
Subject + am/is/are + PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST SIMPLE
Subject + was/were + PAST PARTICIPLE
FUTURE SIMPLE
Subject + will BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
FUTURE: BE GOING TO +INFINITIVE
Subject + am/is/are going to BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Subject + am/is/are BEING+ PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST CONTINUOUS
Subject + was/were BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE
PRESENT PERFECT
Subject + have/has BEEN+ PAST PARTICIPLE
MODALS
Subject + can/must/have to/should BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

25. PASSIVE SENTENCES
Finish this sentences America Bread Hamburguers Don Quijote Star Wars Harry Potter
was discovered by Christobal Columbus
DISCOVER
MAKE
is made with flour
MAKE
are made with miced meat
WRITE
was written by Cervantes
was directed by George Lucas
DIRECT
was written by J.K Rowling
WRITE

26. Are these sentences active or passive? Why?
Women in most countries wear trousers
Long dresses are worn in weedings
Some people didn’t accept trousers as women’s clothing in the past
Different materials are recycled
People recycle different materials
Those books will be sold yesterday, they are very cheap
Student’s book page 43 activity 8

27. This programme is recorded in Bristol
Passive sentences emphasize the fact or the action, which is more important than the person who does the action.
This programme is recorded in Bristol
They recorded this programme in Bristol
Sometimes we don’t want, need , or don’t know who did it. If we want to emphasize who did it we must introduce it by the preposition “BY”
TV was invented by John Logie
John Logie invented the TV

28. AGENTS
By ….. Sometimes they are important for the meaning and others they must be ommited because they are not important at all
Three houses were built last year near the factory
The house where I live was built by my grandfather
Thousands of books are read every day all around the world
These books are not only read by young people

29. You have to take care when changing the subject into Agent
She gave me a ticket fot the concert
A ticket for the concert was given me by HER
I was given a ticket for the concert by HER
He is reading the book
The book is being read by him
They stolen the car
The car was stolen by them

30. Changing sentences from the active voice to the passive voice
You have a subject and an object in the sentence
Agatha Christie wrote this book
The object of the active voice becomes the subject of the active
This book…
The main verb is now changed into the passive voice.
This book was written
The subject of the active sentence becomes the Agent of the passive sentence. If it is necessary it is placed at the end and preceded by the preposition BY.
This book was written by Agatha Christie
SUBJECT : Agatha Christie
SUBJECT : Agatha Christie
OBJECT : this book
OBJECT : this book
VERB : wrote (past simple)
VERB : wrote (past simple active )
was written (past simple passive)

31. Changing sentences from the active voice to the passive voice
You have a subject and an object in the sentence
Agatha Christie wrote this book
The object of the active voice becomes the subject of the active
This book…
The main verb is now changed into the passive voice.
This book was written
The subject of the active sentence becomes the Agent of the passive sentence. If it is necessary it is placed at the end and preceded by the preposition BY.
This book was written by Agatha Christie

32. EXAMPLE She bought me a present for my birthday
They will arrest him if he continuous acting that way
Cars are made by robots
Madonna was wearing this dress in her last video
She teaches German in that school

33. Questions and short answers
PRESENT SIMPLE
Are presents made with love?
am/is/are + Subject + PAST PARTICIPLE +?
PAST SIMPLE
was Romeo and Juliet written by Shakespeare?
was/were +Subject + PAST PARTICIPLE +?
FUTURE SIMPLE
Will his new film be released in July?
Will + Subject + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE +?
FUTURE: BE GOING TO +INFINITIVE
are you going to be treated great in your visit?
am/is/are +Subject + going to BE + PAST PARTICIPLE +?

34. PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT MODALS
Is your room being painted in this moment?
am/is/are + Subject + BEING+ PAST PARTICIPLE +?
PAST CONTINUOUS
Was the baby being fed when you arrived home?
was/were +Subject + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE +?
PRESENT PERFECT
Has the car been checked this morning ?
have/has +Subject + BEEN+ PAST PARTICIPLE +?
MODALS
Must the law be followed by all the students ?
can/must/have to/should +Subject + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE +?

36. SO/ SUCH / TOO / ENOUGH
SO/SUCH - TAN
TOO – DEMASIADO
ENOUGH - SUFIENTE