1. This webinar brought to you by the Relion® product family
Advanced protection and control IEDs from ABB
Relion. Thinking beyond the box.
Designed to seamlessly consolidate functions, Relion relays are smarter, more flexible and more adaptable. Easy to integrate and with an extensive function library, the Relion family of protection and control delivers advanced functionality and improved performance.

2. ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series
Disclaimer
ABB is pleased to provide you with technical information regarding protective relays. The material included is not intended to be a complete presentation of all potential problems and solutions related to this topic. The content is generic and may not be applicable for circumstances or equipment at any specific facility. By participating in ABB's web-based Protective Relay School, you agree that ABB is providing this information to you on an informational basis only and makes no warranties, representations or guarantees as to the efficacy or commercial utility of the information for any specific application or purpose, and ABB is not responsible for any action taken in reliance on the information contained herein. ABB consultants and service representatives are available to study specific operations and make recommendations on improving safety, efficiency and profitability. Contact an ABB sales representative for further information.
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

3. Intro to Communication Architectures in a Substation Environment
ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series
Intro to Communication Architectures in a Substation Environment
José Ruiz
June 24, 2014

4. Presenter
Jose Ruiz is with ABB Substation Automation Products group, North America. He joined ABB as a post graduate student.
During his graduate study, he learned and tested IEC with different vendor relays. In his current role with ABB, Jose shares his expertise in IEC with customers in the power industry in trainings, projects, and providing technical support.
He received his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in 2012 and is currently leading the engineering customer support group of ABB North America.
© ABB Group
6-Nov-18

5. Learning objectives Communication Media RS-232 RS-485 Ethernet Fiber
Wireless
Protocols
Legacy
Modbus
DNP
IEC 61850
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

6. What is RS-232? Definition NODE
Found in many format, mainly 9/25 pin, but RJ-45 has been used.
RS-232 is a point to point connection network.
It is voltage based (referenced to a single common return [ground]).
Relays may have multiple RS-232 ports.
Usually one reserve for local programming (front port).
It is the most commonly used electrical interface.
It is a TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) standard.
It was originally developed on EIA subcommittee TR30.2 on interface.
Latest revision as of July 2009 is TIA-RS232-F
Because it is voltage driven, it is susceptible to noise.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

7. Typical RS-232 devices B A The Cloud. POINT TO POINT
VALUE
RS-232
POINT TO POINT
RING WITH FIBER OPTIC MODEMS
RADIO FREQUENCY MODEMS E C
The Cloud.
RS-232 is only used to communicated with the converter. The communication in the ring itself is not RS-232.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 7

8. RS-232 ANSI Specification
2 Emulations
DTE- Date Terminal Equipment
Example: personal computer
DCE- Data Communication Equipment
Example: modem (automatic calling equipment)
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

9. Electrical levels Intermediate Region Voltage is Negative
Binary State = 1
Signal Condition -3V to -15V
Mark.
Voltage is Positive
Binary State = 0
Signal Condition +3 to + 15 V
Space.
Transition/Intermediate Region -3V to + 3V
+15 VDC
+3 VDC
0VDC
3 VDC
15 VDC
Intermediate Region
The intermediate region is the one where noise can come in.
Binary state 1 is the negative signal condition.
Binary state 0 is the positive signal condition.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 9

10. Speed RS-232 Modern speeds are from: A baud is a bit representation.
110 baud (not really used).
115.2 K baud.
A baud is a bit representation.
One baud does not necessarily mean 1 bit.
One baud means one change of state of the line.
Baud rate = 9600 = 1 changes of every state 100 micro seconds.
The higher the baud rate, the more susceptible to noise it is and the length of the cable is reduced.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

11. RS-232 Connector Connector style is not specified
Originally specified for 25 pins.
IBM developed de-facto standard of 9 pins.
Physical Interface Connector
DB-25
DB-9
Screw terminals
RJ-11 telephone connectors
RJ-45 Ethernet connectors
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

12. RS-232 DB-25 wiring diagram DTE DCE
1 - Protective Ground
2 - Transmitted Data
3 - Received Data
4 - Request To Send
5 -Clear To Send
6 - Data Set Ready
7 - Signal Ground -Common Return
8 - Data Carrier Detect
20 - Data Terminal Ready
22 - Ring Indicator
DCE
RTS - Space = Transmit mode Mark = Receive Mode
CTS - Space = Send Data Mark = Do Not Send Data
DSR - Space = Device Off Hook Mark = Device ON Hook
DTR - Space = Device On Line Mark = Device Off Line
DCD - Space = Good Data Mark = Error In Data
RI - Mark = Phone Ringing Space = Not Ringing
DB-25 is mostly used in Modems.
Pins 20 and 22 are used for the modem.
NOTE: both RTS/CTS and DTR/DSR are rarely used
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 12

13. RS-232 Physical Interface
Signal
Transmit (TX)
Receive (RX)
Ground (GND)
Control
Clear To Send (CTS)
Request To Send (RTS)
Data Set Ready (DSR)
Data Terminal Ready (DTR)
Carrier Detect (CD)
Basically two signals are used, TX and RX.
Control signals are required for radio systems and some other older equipment.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

14. RS-232 (DB-9) DTE (9 Pin ) DCE DTE DCE 2 - TX RX - 2 3 - RX TX - 3
4 - DTR DTR - 4
5- GND GND - 5
6 - DSR DSR - 6
7 - RTS RTS - 7
8 - CTS CTS - 8
Note: If both devices are
DTE’s or DCE’s
re-pin the cable as
necessary!
50 feet cable length maximum
Depending on the baud rate it can go up to 100 feet.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 14

15. WHAT HAPPENS IF I NEED TO CONNECT DTE/DTE OR DCE/DCE RELAYING?
NULL MODEM
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

16. What is a Null Modem? NODE A NODE B
2 TD
3 RD
5 GND
7 RTS
8 CTS
4 DTR
6 DSR
2 TD
3 RD
5 GND
7 RTS
8 CTS
4 DTR
6 DSR
There are times when handshaking is required by the software and not by the hardware.
Jump pins 7 & 8 together upon requirement of devices.
Pins 7 & 8 might be also required to run across for certain devices to communicate, e.g. a modem and a radio.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 16

17. RS-232 Advantages/Disadvantages
Easy to implement
Easy to troubleshoot
Designed for “long-range” communication equipment
Disadvantages
Susceptible to noise
Relativity short distances
Designed for single devices
Designed for “long-range” communication equipment, e.g. radio systems.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

18. RS-485
In Contrast to RS-232, RS-485 allows interconnection of multiple devices.
NODE
Advantages
Easy to implement
High expandability
Less Susceptible to noise
Disadvantages
Higher wiring costs
More difficult to troubleshoot
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 18

19. An IBM PC has an RS-232 Port
RS-485
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
RS-232
CONVERTER
A converter may be needed to transform the RS-232 Interface to an RS-485 Interface
Many manufacturers of interfaces are available.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 19

20. RS-485 2 Variants of RS-485 2 Wire (Half Duplex) 4 Wire ( Full Duplex)
TX =
TX –
RX +
RX –
REF
TX +
TX-
TX =
TX –
RX +
RX –
REF
RX +
RX-
TX +
TX –
REF
Simplex- data transmission in one direction only (not used very often).
Half Duplex- data that can be transmitted in both directions, but not at the same time.
Full Duplex- data that can be transmitted in both directions (TX/RX) at the same time.
When more devices are connected to the system, the communication has to be slow down due to the amount of data transmitting across the system.
2 wire is typical for more of the applications.
Most of the equipment supports half duplex.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 20

21. RS-485 Loading Balanced communication Sensed between + and -
A, B
+,-
Able to connect up to 32 loads.
A terminal negative with respect to B terminal
1 or Mark
A terminal positive with respect to B terminal
0 or Space
Typically 5 or 6 devices are connected on RS-485 systems.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

22. RS-485 Loading A device must be able to drive:
Impedance of 60 ohms (54 ohms worst case).
Check manufacturer recommendations (depending on cable) 1,000 ft. – 4,000 ft. max
RS-232 looks at the difference of the wire referred to ground contrary to RS-485 which looks at the difference between 2 wires.
It makes RS-485 less susceptible to noise.
Length depends on the capacitance of the cable.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

23. RS-485 Isolation Electronic Isolation Opto-Isolation Internal to IED
External
Internal and
External Reference
same ground
Internal
IED
circuitry
references
diode
External
World
Current/
Voltage
Isolated via
Opto- Electronics
Electronic Isolation
Internal Components sharing same ground. Noise isolation limited to that of the integrated circuit. (Isolation = several volts)
Opto-Isolation
Internal Optical Isolation Circuitry. Isolates grounds from components (isolation = several KV)
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 23

24. RS-485 What about grounding?
It is recommended that a shield is terminated at one point.
Some relays have isolate ports. This may require a separate GROUND conductor interconnecting each node on the cable.
RS-485 EIA Spec states: “The circuit reference may be established by a third connector connecting the common leads of the equipment OR it may be provided by connections in each using equipment to an earth reference.”
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

25. Topology Diagram RS-485 Multi-drop Architecture
+ 5 V
120 Ohms
470 Ohms
Jumper J8 “IN
Jumper J 7 “IN”
Jumper J6 “IN”
TX/RX +
TX/RX -
Cable “A”
BANK SW 2
Dipswitch 1 = IN (Term Resitor IN)
Three-wire cable with
shield. Cable “B” E C
Converter
RS232/ RS422/485
* See Note A.
The end line resistor helps to balance the load. It is required for long wires. The standard specifies 120 
100 feet is a typical substation length where end resistor might not be required.
The shield is used to eliminate in circulating currents. E C E C E C
Unit Unit Unit Unit 31
Jumpers
J6, J7, J8
“OUT”
End Unit Inline Unit Inline Unit End Unit
32 Devices and 3,000 Feet Maximum loading and distance.

26. Ethernet
IEEE 802.3
Ethernet nodes found in substations are usually connected via Fiber Optics.
Ethernet nodes may be connected via copper (CAT 5 Cable).
Copper: 10baseT, 100baseTX
RJ-45 Connector
Fiber: 100baseFX
SC Connector (push/pull)
ST Connector (screw in)
Others
               
Fiber is used in substation because of the Electromagnetic fields, which are often called EMFs.

27. Ethernet Cable Connection
There are two types of copper Ethernet ports:
MDIX: typically what a hub or switch uses
MDI: typically what a NIC card uses
A typical Ethernet hub emulates the MDI interface.
This means for interconnection one must know what type of CAT 5 cable is required:
Straight through pin-out
Cross pinned
Most modern Ethernet adapters have auto sense capability eliminated the need for cross-over cables.
MDI similar to what RS-232 uses it.
Typically in a substation the communication between the devices in a panel is copper and from the control room to the switch yard fiber.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

28. Ethernet Copper Connectivity
Ethernet Straight Through Cable
Ethernet Hub Ethernet Hub
Ethernet Straight Through Cable
Ethernet Cross Pinned
Cable *
* Unless Hub has an Uplink Switch
IED’s With Ethernet Cards Installed
IED
With Ethernet Card
Ethernet Straight
Through Cable
Ethernet Cross
Pinned Cable
Ethernet
Hub
This slide is only an example of the Ethernet connection.
The TC/IP protocol supports multiple points connection. PC
With NIC Card
PC With NIC
Card
Ethernet Straight
Through Cable
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 28

29. Ethernet CAT-5 cable pin-outs
Category 5 wiring standards:
EIA/TIA 568A/568B and AT&T 258A define the wiring standards and allow for two different wiring color codes.
Pairs may be solid colors and not have the stripe.
Category 5 cable must use Category 5 rated connectors.
Crossover Cable
RJ-45 PIN
1 Rx+
3 Tx+
2 Rc-
6 Tx-
1 Rc+
                                                
Straight Through Cable
1 Tx+
2 Tx-
3 Rc+
6 Rc-
Pin #
EIA/TIA 568A
AT&T 258A, or EIA/TIA 568B
Ethernet 10BASE-T
Token Ring
FDDI, ATM, and TP-PMD 1
White/Green
White/Orange X 2
Green/White
Orange/White 3 4
Blue/White 5
White/Blue 6 7
White/Brown 8
Brown/White
This slide is only to show the cable pin-out.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 29
Courtesy of Enterasys

30. Ethernet Fiber Connection
There are two types of fiber connections:
Single mode
Multi mode
There are two types of fiber:
Glass
Plastic
There are different diameters:
50 µm
62.5 µm
Fiber cannot be intermixed without converters.
Make sure you know what is being used.
When connecting fiber optic cables, one should be aware of the fiber type, e.g. single mode or multi mode.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

31. Ethernet Fiber Connection
Single-mode
Single wavelength of light
Used for long distances
High bandwidth
More expensive
Multi-mode
Multiple wavelengths
Allows more “channels”
Less expensive
Single mode (SM) uses laser and multi mode (MM) LEDs.
SM is typically used between substations and MM inside the substation.
MM operates at the 850 nm and 1300 nm wavelength and SM fibers operate at 1310 or 1550 nm.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

32. Ethernet Fiber Connection
Glass
Most common
Longer distances
More expensive
Plastic
Cheaper
Very short distances
Low speeds
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

33. Ethernet Fiber connection
Diameters
62.5 µm
Most common
50 µm
Higher bandwidths
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

34. Ethernet General Architecture
LAN
Local
Area
Network
HUB/SWITCH
Application
Ethernet
Start
Flag
End Flag IP
Header
TCP
Local SERVER
WAN
Wide
Area
Network
BROWSER -> Sends User Data DATAGRAM
The
Network
The Internet uses Internet Protocol – TCP/IP. The message is layered and sent to gather request data

35. Ethernet Understanding the TCP/IP Model
There are 4 interconnected layers:
Application (Modbus, DNP)
Transport (TCP, UDP)
Internet (IP address)
Network Access (media, MAC)
IP address:
Subnet mask:
Gateway:
The colored circles represent different networks.

36. Ethernet IP Addressing
Network Address
Identifies the network
Host Address
Identifies a device inside a network
IP address:
Subnet mask:
Gateway:
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 36

37. Ethernet HUB Ethernet is in essence a point-to-point interface.
Message
Generated
Message Regenerated to each port
Ethernet is in essence a point-to-point interface.
If 2 devices are connected a cross-pinned cable may be necessary for interconnection.
If more than 2 devices are connected, a hub/switch is required.
Performance of hub deteriorates on large network because of traffic.
All data transmitted on all ports.

38. Ethernet Switch
A switch is a device that channels incoming data from any of multiple input ports to the specific output port that will take the data toward its intended destination.
Performs layer 2 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layer functionality or network layer of the Ethernet Model.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 38

39. Ethernet Router
To Network 1
DNS Address
The Cloud
To Network 3
DNS Address
DNS Address
To Network 2
A router is a device or, in some cases, software in a computer, that determines the next network point to which a datagram should be forwarded toward its final destination.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 39

40. Modbus Modbus was invented by Modicon Inc. in 1978
As a method to connect PLC’s to a host (Master/Slave or Parent/Child)
Easy to implement with two emulations:
RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) Emulation
ASCII Emulation
Modbus is available through several physical interfaces (RS-232/RS-485/Ethernet, etc.)
In utilities the RTU emulation is the most commonly used.
The difference between RTU and ASCII is that the bytes being transmitted over the wire are presented as binary with RTU and as readable ASCII with Modbus RTU.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

41. What makes Modbus a non-utility protocol?
It has no Time Synch imbedded in the protocol.
It has no concept of frozen points.
It has no concept of select before operate.
The manufacturer or implementer of the protocol must engineer these features into the protocol/device

42. Modbus Protocol Point to Point Multi-Industry Open De-facto Standard.
Address 1
Confirm
SCADA
Master E C
Address X
Send
Address 2
Multi-Drop
Network E C E C
Protective Relay
Slave Device E C
Address 247
Multi-Industry Open De-facto Standard.
Master-Slave Protocol.
Two Emulations
Modbus ASCII ( Master/Slave Mode) - 10 bit Asynchronous
Modbus RTU (Master/Slave Mode) - 11 bit Synchronous

43. Modbus Example The Master node (Circle) contains
a polling list. The master transmits
its request to a specific node and
waits for a response. All nodes hear
the transmitted request. 1 2 3 4 5
The addressed Slave responds with the
information. If the slave data cannot
be transmitted immediately, a not ready
response is generated and the master
must poll the slave again with the same
request. 1 2 3 4 5
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 43

44. Modbus Emulation ASCII Mode Asynchronous communication
Hexadecimal ASCII characters 0-9, A-F ( , 41,46)
10 bit protocol
1 start bit
7 data bits
1 parity (if enabled)
1 stop bit (it parity) or 2 stop bits (if no parity enabled)
Longitudinal redundancy check
The following two slides are intended to show how the emulation is done on ASCII and RTU.
The protocol supports error checking at the system.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

45. Modbus Emulation RTU Mode Synchronous communication
Data 8 bit binary, hexadecimal 0-9, A-F
11 bit protocol
1 start bit
8 data bits, LBS sent first
1 bit parity (if selected)
1 stop bit (it parity) or 2 stop bits (if no parity selected)
CRC-16 error check
Most common
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

46. Modbus 0 XXXX Memory (coils)
000512
000513
000514
001024 1
TRIP C
27-1P 46
50P-1
50N-1 1
PLC E C
00008
Physical Output 8
PLC 0 XXXX memory has duality (status and control) :
Internal Memory bit-wide
Output memory
Many protective relays have similar capability
Internal memory is analogous to ULO [User Logical Inputs/Outputs]
Output memory is analogous to the physical outputs on the relay
Each register will be only 1 bit

47. Modbus 1 XXXX Memory (status)
+ V E C
Physical Input 1
Permanently assigned
as TRIP
PLC
100001
PLC 1 XXXX memory is analogous to the physical inputs on a protective relay.
1 XXXX memory is a discrete bit.
PLC’s may have XXXX = 16 to discrete inputs per device (1 X memory).
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 47

48. Modbus 3 XXXX Memory I PLC
30001
30002
30003
30004
65535
-32123
100 CT E C
0- 20 mA = PLC # I an
PLC
Transducer
A relay may have physical inputs matching the 3XXXX register definition.
3 XXXX data is defined as a word wide physical input from the field mapped to memory.
Can be analogs or status

49. Modbus 4XXXX Memory
400512
400513
400514
401024 1 98 12
Fault Number
Year
Month
Day
Hours 1 98 12 11 23
PLC
V dc = 0 to 4095 E C V
PLC 4 XXXX memory has duality (status and control):
Internal memory word wide.
Output memory.
Many protective relays have similar capability.
Internal memory is analogous to metering and fault capabilities of the relay.
4X physical output mapping is not applicable for the protective device

50. Modbus 6 XXXX Memory
File 0
File 1
60001
60002
60003
60004
60005
Execute Register
Password char 1
Password char 2
Password char 3
Password char 4
60001
60002
60003
69999 1 98 12 1 98 12
File 2 1 98 12
File 9 1 98 12 E C
PLC
6XXX memory is defined as extended memory. Some PLC’s have this memory. It is able to be paged in to 4 XXXX memory.
A few protective relay store configuration parameters in this memory area for network access.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 50

51. Modbus Function 01- Read Coil Statues
Reads 0X (Coil) references from the slave.
All bytes are in hex (coding is dependent on RTU or ASCII emulation).
Memory Start Address is offset by one.
If amount of data is not a multiple of 8, most significant bits are padded with 0’s.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

52. Modbus What happens if….?
The issue with static data is
What happens between access reads of the IED?
If something changes?
If something doesn’t change?
If two changes occur during read, the event is lost using static data
Breaker trips – Pickup Alarm (PUA) energizes and de- energizes briefly
ModBus does not support change (data change).
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

53. Modbus How is this anomaly resolved?
Latched Bits (which can be reset via a control write).
Momentary Change Detect Bits (which change status is reset on a read of the element).
This is a manufacturer’s function and not one of the protocol.
NOT ALL MODBUS IMPLEMENTATIONS ARE ALIKE!
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

54. Modbus Function 01 – Read Coil Status
Example - Read Output 1-6, with two bit status E C
Modbus Slave Addr =1
Read from
0X Mapping
Obtain Output 8 Through Output 3 Status Indication (01037 to per the memory map).
Host Sends : C = LRC or CRC Code
Addr = 01
Function = 01
Address = 1037 ( which is 1036 in hex = 040C)
Amount of Data Requested = 12 Coils
Relay Responds: A1 02 -
Data Bytes Received = 2
Data Received = A1 02

55. Modbus Function 02- Read Input Status
Reads 1X ( Input) references from the slave.
All bytes are in hex ( coding is dependent on RTU or ASCII emulation).
Memory Start Address is offset by one.
If amount of data is not a multiple of 8, most significant bits are padded with 0’s.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

56. Modbus Function 02 – Read Input Status
Example - Read User Logical Input 1-6, with two bit status E C
Modbus Slave Addr =1
Read from
1X Mapping
Obtain ULI1 Through ULI 6 Status Indication (10559 per the memory map).
Host Sends : E = LRC or CRC Code
Addr = 01
Function = 02
Address = 559 ( which is 558 in hex = 012E)
Amount of Data Requested = 12 Inputs
Relay Responds: A1 02 -
Function = 01
Data Bytes Received = 2
Data Received = A1 02

57. Modbus Function 03- Read Holding Registers
Reads 4X holding registers from the slave.
All bytes are in hex (coding is dependent on RTU or ASCII emulation).
Memory Start Address is offset by one.
Data is returned in register format (16 bits/2 bytes per register)
Maximum registers read are 125 per query.
Registers are sent Hi byte- Lo byte per register.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

58. DNP Protocol History Distributed Network Protocol (DNP).
Created by Westronics (Now GE ) in 1990.
Released into Public Domain in 1993.
Users Group created in 1993.
DNP Technical Committee Created in 1995.
Published subset documentation.
Established parameters for future protocol conformance committee.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

59. DNP 3.0 Dependent on the implementation DNP 3.0 can:
Request and respond with Multiple Data Messages in a single message.
Segment messages into multiple frames.
Respond with changed data.
Request data based on data priority.
Support time synchronization.
Allow multiple masters and peer to peer operation.
Allow user defined objects and file transfer.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

60. DNP 3.0
DNP 3.0 Supports the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and OSI model. Layers fully supported are:
Physical (Layer 1)
Data Link (Layer 2)
Application (Layer 7)
Pseudo-supported and defined layers are:
Transport (Layer 4)
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

61. DNP Definition of terms
Object Categories - data which conforms to different data types:
Static: current value of field or software point.
Event: historical data.
Frozen Static: a field or software value which is not actively updated due to a data freeze request.
Frozen Event: data generated as a result of a data freeze event but historically archived upon a change.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

62. DNP Object types per object category
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 62 62

63. DNP Object types per object category
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 63

64. DNP 3.0 Level 1 SEND RESPOND Master Slave Data Concentrator SCADA Host
Meter
Relay
Cap Bank Controller
Auto-Recloser
SEND
RESPOND
Master Requests - Slave Responds
Slave MUST Accept Requests for:
Data Object Reads
Binary/Analog Output Object Reads *
Control Operations for Binary/Analog Outputs
Cold and Internal Indication Restarts
Delay Measurements
Writes to Date and Time
There are different levels of DNP: Level 1, 2, and 3
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 64

65. DNP 3.0 Level 1 Master Must accept (with multiple object variations)
Binary/Analog Input and Events.
Counter and Counter Events.
Binary/Analog Output Status.
Master device Must be able to break the message into component pieces (parse).
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

66. DNP 3.0 Level 1 OPTIONAL FEATURE Implementation.
Slave OPTIONALLY MAY send unsolicited responses.
Slave OPTIONALLY MAY NOT generate parsed data objects if master requests such information.
Slave OPTIONALLY MAY respond without time object attachment.
Slave OPTIONALLY MAY send unsolicited responses AND the capability MUST be configurable.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018November 6, 2018

67. DNP 3.0 Level 2 SEND Node A Node B RESPOND Data Concentrator Relay
Host Device
Relay
Large IED or Small RTU
Node A
Master
Node B
Slave
RESPOND
SEND
REQUIRED
OPTIONAL
Node A Requests - Node B Responds (Standard) Node B Requests - Node B Responds (Optional)
Slave MUST Accepts Requests for:
FREEZE on Binary Counter Options
Parse of Read Requests of various objects and OPTIONALLY MAY report Frozen Counter objects.
Master and Slave MUST incorporate Level 1 DNP features.
Level 2 “plus” means that the device supports some of the functionalities of Level 3.
© ABB Group
November 6, 2018 | Slide 67

68. DNP 3.0 What does the data link layer do?
DNP can allow a host and IED (Unsolicited Request) to act as a master.
The data link layer:
Synchronizes data exchanges.
Controls message retries.
Connects and disconnects dial up sessions.
Controls the physical layer.
Provides message services (priority, error notification).
Establishes and disconnects a DIAL UP connection
Sets the frame construction in a DNP 3.0 session.
Performs collision avoidance of messages (in an unsolicited response node).
It makes the protocol backward compatible.
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69. DNP 3.0 Transport layer
The transport layer indicates the length of a communication session
Why is this needed?
Long messages exceeding 255 bytes are segmented in multiple messages.
The length of DLC data is 5 bytes.
The length of the TL is 1 byte.
The remaining data length is = 249 bytes.
In case any data frames are corrupted, a retransmission of the corrupted frame may occur.
Allows assembly of large messages by a host device.
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70. DNP 3.0 Class data reporting
Data may be obtained in a variety of methods:
Ask for each point by object and variant.
Allows for reporting only changed data.
Allows for priority reporting of data.
Allows for multiple polling times.
Have the host report the data in classes.
Class 0
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
The classes allow to prioritize the data.
Class 0 means give me all the data that you have on all your points.
Class 3 is the less critical data.
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71. DNP 3.0 Unsolicited reporting
Slave device sends data to master without a master request:
Reports critical data when change occurs.
Able to reduce polling times.
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72. IEC 61850 It is a standard – not just a protocol.
Integration of status monitoring, protection, automation, and control into IEDs.
Digitization of copper wires
IEC  Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) and Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE).
IEC  Sample Measurement Values (SMV)
Modeling of the substation, equipment, and functions.
Protocol stack.
Interoperability by standardization and verification.
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73. IEC 61850 Goal of the standard
Interoperability
Exchange information between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED’s) from several manufacturers.
IEDs use this information for their own function.
Free Configuration.
Free allocation of functions to devices.
Support any philosophy of customer – centralized or decentralized systems.
Long Term Stability
Future proof.
Follow progress in mainstream communication technology.
Follow evolving system requirements needed by customers.
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74. IEC Data Model
Thanks to such representation, functions can then be allocated to objects within the substation.
Addressing scheme takes this into consideration tying the data with the application, object, and location within the substation.
Bradley.J1.Q08.A01.LD0.MMXU1.A.phsA
Bradley.J1.Q08.A01.LD0.MMXU1.A.phsB
Bradley.J1.Q08.A01.LD0.PTOC.Op.general
Bradley.J1.Q08.A01.LD0.XCBR1.Pos.stVal
Modbus and DNP are registered type data. IEC defines the data.
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November 6, 2018 | Slide 74

75. IEC 61850 Data model – logical node
The container is the Physical Device, it contains
one or more Logical Devices, each of which contains
one or more Logical Nodes, each of which contains
a pre-defined set of Data Classes, each of which contains data.
The data models are divided into logical groups called devices, nodes, classes and data. Each functional element is defined as a logical node. A physical device (IED) can house multiple logical nodes in it. Each logical node is a collection of standard data classes. The possible values that can be assigned to the data classes are called as data. Figure above pictorially represents the physical device, logical nodes, data classes and data.
“UCA & for Dummies.” – Douglas Proudfoot 75

76. IEC 61850 Different kinds of logical nodes
LLN0, LPHD: IED and function management
Pxxx: protection (PTOC, PIOC, PDIS, PDIF,….) (28)
Rxxx: protection related (RREC, RSYN, RDRx, ….) (10)
Cxxx: control related (CSWI, CILO, CALH, CCGR, CPOW)
Mxxx: measurements (MMXU, MMXN, MMTR, MHAI, MDIF, MSTA)
Axxx: automatic functions (ATCC, ANCR, ARCO, AVCO)
Gxxx: generic functions (GGIO, GAPC, GSAL)
Sxxx: sensor/monitoring interface (SIMG, SIML, SARC, SPDC)
Txxx: instrument transformer (TCTR, TVTR)
Xxxx: switchgear process interface (XCBR, XSWI)
Yxxx: transformer process if (YPTR, YLTC, YEFN, YPSH)
Zxxx: further power related equipment (ZBAT, ZGEN, ZMOT,…)
Ixxx: interfacing and archiving (IHMI, ITCI, IARC, ITMI)
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77. IEC 61850 Substation Modeling The Substation Structure
230kV
Line 1
Line 2
115kV
Line X
Line Y
Line Z T1
Line 3
CB1
CB2
CB3 D1 D2
CB13
CB12
CB11
CB10
Orlando Substation
Orlando Substation
230kV
Bay D1
IED D1.1
IED D.1.2
Bay D2
115 kV
Line X..Y
Voltage Level
Bay
IED
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November 6, 2018 | Slide 77

78. IEC 61850 Engineering with SCL
System tool approach.
Thanks to common file format engineering of the SAS system can be performed under a single tool.
This provides a single point of interaction with the configuration files of all devices regardless of manufacturer.
End result (SCD file) must be part of the final system documentation just like DC and AC elementary are.
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79. IEC 61850 Communication methods
Client Server
Similar to Master-Slave.
Data is published by the IED (Server).
IED’s subscribe to data (Client).
Peer to Peer
High speed.
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80. IEC 61850 Client - Server Get information from relays and meters.
Higher resolution of information.
Lower integration costs.
Drag and drop process thanks to SCL file.
All manufacturers with same naming convention.
Less chances for mistakes.
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81. IEC 61850 Digitize copper Digitize copper (GOOSE + SMV).
Thanks to Ethernet technology and previously mentioned data model we are able to digitize copper:
Binary signals (GOOSE)
Analog signals (GOOSE)
Analog signals as input to protection and metering functions (SMV in the Process Bus).
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82. IEC 61850 What is a GOOSE message?
Generic Object Oriented Substation Event.
Fast and reliable distribution of information.
Status (breaker position, trip, pickup, alarms, etc.)
Analog (counter values, etc.)
Performance
Fast messages Type 1A (Class P2/P3) received within 3ms.
This includes transmission time into the other IEDs (similar to an output to input connection between 2 relays).
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83. IEC 61850 What is a GOOSE message?
GOOSE messages are based on change event.
GOOSE messages include diagnostic functions (a “heart beat” to all devices subscribed is sent periodically).
GOOSE messages are managed by GCBs (GOOSE control block) inside IEDs.
GOOSE messages send “Data Sets” upon changes of state.
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84. Summary ModBus, DNP 3.0, and IEC 61850
Year
RS-232
RS-485
Ethernet
Description of SS
Data
Description
ModBus
1978
YES NO
DNP
1990
IEC 61850
2003
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86. Thank you for your participation
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To view a schedule of remaining webinars in this series, or for more
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