1. Rise of Islam in the Middle Ages

2. Islam
Visions of Allah
Story of Muhammad
5 Pillars of Islam

3. Civil War 622-630 CE Siege of Medina March 31, 627, lasted two weeks
Muhammad prepared a force of 3,000 men against Meccans
Trench warfare against Medina
Muhammad marched to Mecca with 10,000 Muslim converts in 630CE
Took control
Declared amnesty for past offenses
Most Meccans will convert to Islam over time

4. Umayyad Caliphate

5. Umayyad Caliphate 661-750CE Muhammad dies 632 CE by poison
One of the worlds largest empires in history
Capital city Damascus
Taxation policies
Christian and Jewish populations have autonomy
must pay a poll tax
Other Abrahamic religious groups have practice abilities
Pay the jizya tax

6. Schism of 632 CE Shia and Sunni break up
Following Muhammad’s death, Islamic community was spreading and dividing
Question of succession
Family member or outside member
Shia: family; his cousin and son-in-law
Sunni: next best qualifying member of the community
Sunni’s will initially win over, and place their first caliph
Ali will become 4th caliph, continuing strife
85-90% Sunni
10-15% Shia

7. Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 CE Capital city of Baghdad
Ruled by Abbas, the uncle of Muhammad

8. Golden Age of Islam The Abbasid Caliphate
“The ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr”
Ibn al-Haytham “Father of Optics”

9. Decline of the Abbasids
Shia and Sunni divides deepened
Mongol Invasion
Hulagu Khan
Attack on Baghdad in 1258 CE
The caliph did not prepare
Trampled to death
City destroyed
Most books destroyed of the House of Wisdom