1. The Earth and Climate
Chapter 1
Unit D

2. Objectives distinguish between weather and climate
describe the major characteristics of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere as part of the biosphere
will define inversions

3. Weather vs. Climate
What’s the Difference?

4. Weather vs. Climate
Weather – conditions of temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation (rain or snow), and humidity
Occur at a particular place and time

5. Weather vs. Climate
Climate – average weather conditions that occur in a region over a long period of time (min. 30 years)
Ex. Climate of Alberta:
average temp in summer = 14 °C – 20 °C
average annual precipitation = 442 mm

6. Telling the difference
Identify the following statements as examples of weather or of climate:
1) today is very hot
2) we usually get a lot of rain this time of year
PICTURES

7. Climographs
Shows information about the average precipitation and temperature for an area
Line Graph – Temperature
Bar Graph – Amount of Precipitation

8. London, England

9. Rome, Italy

10. Climograph - Toronto

11. Climograph - Whitehorse

12. Analyze the two Charts with a Neighbour about the two Climates, look for similar patterns

13. We will go into more detail shortly about how these relate to the biomes, but let’s talk about the components of the biosphere.

14. The Earth’s Spheres
Use the link provided to research one of the following that you are assigned. (Use your phones for this one!)
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Cryosphere
After getting your own ideas, you will put your ideas together with a group who is researching the same topic
You will share your ideas with the class after 5 minutes of working with your groups.

15. The Atmosphere Rises over 500 km from surface of Earth
Mixture of gases
Most abundant gas is? Second most abundant?
How are these gases used by living things?
Also contains atmospheric dust
Very small
Include soot, pollen, micro-organisms

16. Atmosphere

17. % Composition of Gas on Venus

18. Compare Venus vs Earth
Can people live on Venus? Explain what you think!

19. The Atmosphere
Broken up into 4 layers (determined by average air temperature)
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Found at different altitudes
Distance above Earth’s surface from sea level

21. Check out the Interactive Atmosphere: http://www. glencoe
Check out the Interactive Atmosphere: labs/ES14/ES14.html

22. Think about it!
Why is it getting colder as we go higher in the atmosphere?

23. Altitude and Temperature
Altitude- distance above the Earth’s surface
In troposphere, tend to decrease temperature with altitude
This trend can be reversed
Inversion- reversal of normal temperature in the troposphere
May trap unusually cold air close to the ground
Happens more often near mountains
Can trap pollutants

24. Troposphere 0 – 10 km from Earth’s surface
Average temp. = 15 °C (at surface)  - 60 °C (decreases)
80% of atmospheric gases by mass
Layer which supports life
Most CO2, water vapor and atmospheric dust
Layer where most weather occurs
re=related (Bill Nye)

25. Stratosphere Above troposphere 10 km – 50 km above surface
Temperature increases away from surface
- 60 °C  0 °C
Contains most ozone (O3(g)) making the ozone layer
Ozone captures energy from Sun, increasing temp. with altitude

26. Mesosphere Third layer Temperature range: 0 °C  - 100 °C
Very little gas

27. Thermosphere Farthest layer
Temperature range: -100 °C  1500 °C (increases) due to higher concentration of solar radiation
Very little gas

28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CerJbZ- dm0&feature=related

29. The Biosphere The biosphere –the sphere of life

30. Can you think of areas in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere that are NOT part of the biosphere?

31. The Biosphere
Thin layer of Earth with conditions suitable for supporting life
Composed of all living things on Earth and physical environment supporting them
Biotic part – living component
Abiotic part – non-living component

32. The Biosphere Three interacting abiotic components:
Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the Earth
Lithosphere/Geosphere – solid portion of Earth (rocks, minerals and elements)
Hydrosphere – all water on Earth (liquid, vapor, and ice) (97% salt water)
Cryosphere - All the frozen Water on the Globe

34. The Biosphere
Environmental conditions arise from interactions of these components with the Sun and interactions between the components
Creates climate

35. Lithosphere/Geosphere
Solid portion of Earth floating above semi-fluid upper mantle
Extends from Earth’s surface to 100 km below
Runs under continents and oceans
Warmed mainly by the Sun and a little bit by molten mantle
Differences in the lithosphere (i.e. amount of albedo) can affect amount of atmospheric water vapour, as well as our environmental conditions
Portion life exists on is the crust

36. Lithosphere

37. Lithosphere
The crust is the part of the lithosphere that life exists on, and is eggshell thin

38. Hydrosphere Water! 97% is salt water in oceans
3% fresh water  can be in lakes, streams or frozen (most fresh water is snow and glaciers, or ground water)
Amount of water stays the same
Warmed mainly by Sun

39. Cryosphere What is the cryosphere?
The cryosphere is the sum of frozen water around the globe.
By volume, the perennial ice-containing cold regions of the world are dominated by the continental ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.
Sea ice and snow, have much less volume but are large in areal extent. Ice sheets, snow, and sea ice play a critical role in the Earth's climate.

40. Interactions
How do the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere interact?
In pairs, brainstorm some ways they interact. We will be making a class list of the interactions you came up with