1. (1600-1700) If it ain’t Baroque, don’t fix it

2. Definition www.artlex.com
Baroque - The art style or movement of the Counter-Reformation in the seventeenth century. Although some features appear in Dutch art, the Baroque style was limited mainly to Catholic countries. It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works.

3. Introduction Handout Summarize each paragraph
PERSIA- write a letter for each paragraph
This will actually be graded under classwork, because I have good TAs now!

4. Key Ideas - Culture
Counter-Reformation symbolized the Catholic resurgence finds a voice in Baroque art.
Painting comes in different forms: genre, landscape, still lives.
Architecture associated with grand royal courts of Europe.
Begins in Rome, towards end FRANCE becomes center for art.

5. The Low Down – Art
Combined the accuracy of the Renaissance with the emotions of Mannerism
Tenebrism was all the rage
More individualistic style
Artists see art as liberal vs. manual
Compositional Elements
Open compositions
Diagonal lines
Strong Contrasts

6. = +

7. Italian Baroque (1590-1680) Baroque style began in Rome Religion
Artist
Caravaggio
Tenebrism
Sculptor
Bernini
Architect
Borromini

8. Tenebrism www.artlex.com
tenebroso or tenebrism - Tenebroso is an Italian word, literally meaning dark and gloomy. Both tenebroso and its English equivalent, tenebrism, refer to a style of painting characterized by high contrast between light and shade -- emphasis placed on chiaroscuro to achieve dark, dramatic effects.

9. Tenebrism cont.
Frequently the main subjects of tenebrist pictures are illuminated by a single source of light, as if a spotlight shone upon them, leaving other areas in darkness. Such pictures have been called "night pictures" painted in the "dark manner." The most reknowned tenebrists have been "Caravaggio"(Italian, 1571/ ), Georges De La Tour (French, ), and Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, ).

10. Caravaggio Father of Tenebrism (chiaroscuro)
Befriended the lower-class
Hot-headed
Ran from the law often
Painted with a new sense of realism and dynamic force
Painted as if the people were bring observed close up

11. Entombments Renaissance: Mannerism Baroque: Tenebrism Caravaggio
Pontormo
Caravaggio

12. Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew. 1599-1600. Oil on canvas
Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew Oil on canvas. 10’7-1/2” x 11’2”

13. Calling of Saint Matthew video
6 min.
class quiz

15. Biographer Giovanni Bellori said about Caravaggio in 1672:
“There is no question that Caravaggio advanced the art of painting because he came upon the scene at a time when realism was not much in fashion and when figures were made according to convention and manner and satisfied more the taste for gracefulness than for truth. Thus by avoiding all prettiness and vanity in his color, Caravaggio strengthened his tones and gave them flesh and blood.”

16. Choose and identify a work by Caravaggio
Choose and identify a work by Caravaggio. Discuss the validity of Bellori’s statement about Caravaggio’s work in the view of art works that have preceded it. Use one side of a sheet of lined paper to write your essay.

17. Bernini Man of many trades Architect and sculptor Son of a sculptor
Served the church under 8 popes

18. Bernini. David 1623. Marble, 5’7”. Roman Galleria

19. Donatello, Early Renaissance Michelangelo, High Renaissance
Bernini, Baroque

20. Get out your “David” comparison handout
On that handout or a different sheet of paper, create a third column.
Answer the questions about Bernini’s David

21. https://www. khanacademy
4 min
Class Quiz

22. Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Teresa. 1645-52. Cornaro Chapel, Rome
Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Teresa Cornaro Chapel, Rome. Marble.

23. https://www. khanacademy
7 min
Class quiz

24. Beside me, on the left, appeared an angel in bodily form
Beside me, on the left, appeared an angel in bodily form.... He was not tall but short, and very beautiful; and his face was so aflame that he appeared to be one of the highest rank of angels, who seem to be all on fire.... In his hands I saw a great golden spear, and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire. This he plunged into my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. When he pulled it out I felt that he took them with it, and left me utterly consumed by the great love of God. The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans. The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly wish it to cease, nor is one's soul content with anything but God. This is not a physical but a spiritual pain, though the body has some share in it—even a considerable share.

26. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome.

27. Turn to a partner and discuss what you see that looks different from previous architecture we have covered.

28. https://www. khanacademy
7 min.

29. Question
One of the distinctive qualities of Francesco Borromini’s architecture, visible in the façade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, is _____________________.

30. Answer
Its similarity to Greek temple design

31. Flemish, Dutch, Spanish, and French Baroque

32. Flemish Baroque (1600-40) Southern Netherlands
Belgium
Catholicism - Altarpieces
Peter Paul Rubens
Over 2,000 paintings
Large female nudes
Religion
Van Dyck
Portraiture

33. Peter Paul Rubens Worked in favor of the Counter-Reformation
Created large-scale figures
Used Carvaggio’s tenebrism to enhance his work

34. Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. Belgium. 1610-11
Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. Belgium Oil on canvas. 15’2” x 11’2”

36. Handout
annotate
summarize each paragraph
highlight/ underline

37. What do you think is happening in this painting?

38. https://www. khanacademy
5 min.

39. Handout annotate summarize each paragraph highlight/ underline
blah blah blah

40. Dutch Baroque (1630-70) Northern Netherlands
Holland
Protestant, few religious works
Still lives
Genre scenes
Vermeer
Portraits
Rembrandt

41. Rembrandt
Married into a family with an art dealer and quickly made connections
The most important painter working in Amsterdam in the 17th century.
Loses much of his earnings over the years
Begins IMPASTO painting – thickening of the paint

42. Rembrandt van Rijn self-portraits

43. Rembrandt, Self Portrait with Saskia

44. Handout annotate summarize each paragraph highlight/ underline
blah blah blah

45. Video on Etching Process
10 min.

46. Rembrandt, The Jewish Bride

47. Interpretation of The Jewish Bride
Completed during his last years.
Exemplifies the artist's genius for expressing human emotion on canvas
The painting acquired its current name during the early 19th century, when a Dutch art dealer described the subject as that of a Jewish father giving a necklace to his daughter on her wedding day.
Today, while the identities of the two people remain obscure, most art historians believe them to be Isaac and his wife Rebecca from the Old Testament.

48. Whether or not he intended it as a straightforward piece of Biblical art, there is no doubt however, that Rembrandt was depicting an intimate relationship between his two subjects. The man places his hand on the woman's bosom, while she moves instinctively to protect her modesty. Yet both show every sign of tenderness towards each other, so this is hardly a typical seduction scene.

49. Despite the romance and love, however, this is not an entirely happy picture. Perhaps because Rembrandt himself was experiencing a certain physical strain in his work and life. Isaac has quite modest expectations in his eyes, as if he is uncertain what the future holds, while Rebecca appears thoughtful, almost distracted. In short, this is a masterclass in psychological portraiture, and is yet another reminder why Rembrandt is considered by many to rank among the best portrait artists, and is probably one of the best artists of all time.

50. Leyster,
Self-Portrait
1635.
Oil on canvas.

51. Name means “guide star,” but the artist was a star in her hometown.
She was only 19 when her artwork started to be noticed
In Holland, as in the rest of Europe, professional women painters were indeed uncommon. Leyster was one of only two women accepted as a master in Haarlem’s painters’ guild during the entire 17th century.

52. https://www. khanacademy
5 min.

53. Jan Vermeer. Woman Holding a Balance. C. 1664. Oil on canvas. 15” x 14”

54. On Monday Schultz will be absent, you will watch Tim’s Vermeer
On Monday Schultz will be absent, you will watch Tim’s Vermeer. Which is an awesome movie about the theory that painters like Vermeer, Carravagio, and Rembrandt used optical illusions/ mirrors to paint.

55. More Vermeer…

56. Rachel Ruysch, Fruit and Insects

57. https://www. khanacademy
4 min.

58. Spanish Baroque (1625-60) Economic turmoil Spanish Golden Age
Velázquez
Court Portraiture

59. Velazquez, Las Meninas. 1656. Oil on canvas. 10’5” x 9’1/2”
Queen Mariana
King Phillip
Princess Margret Teresa

60. https://www. khanacademy
6 min.

62. Las Meninas, by Diego Velazquez, has been considered by many one of the greatest paintings ever created. Why? What are some of the symbols, meanings, and illusions that Velazquez plays with in this painting

63. Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei

64. Handout
Do things to each paragraph…

65. Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and Hunting Scene

66. https://www. khanacademy
7 min.

67. The Virgin of Guadalupe
His work is signed by Miguel González, who along with his brother Juan González is considered the foremost painter of enconchados. 

68. Invented in Mexico, the enconchado technique consisted of placing tiny fragments of mother-of-pearl onto a wooden support or a canvas, and then covering them with a yellowish tint and thin glazes of paint. The technique, which is inspired on Asian decorative arts, imparts a brilliant luminosity to the works due to the iridescence of the shell fragments. 

69. This work depicts the famous Virgin of Guadalupe placed atop an eagle perched on a cactus, Mexico City's legendary coat of arms.
This is a significant detail that points to the rapid creation of the cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe in the second half of the seventeenth century, and her increasing association with a local sense of identity.

71. French Baroque (1670-1715) Becoming economic and artistic power
Poussin
La Tour
Versailles

73. https://www. khanacademy
3 min.

74. Versailles
Handout… do things

75. Documentary 1 hr Movie notes- write 10 facts
1 hr
Movie notes- write 10 facts

76. Versailles Facts
Designed by Louis Le-Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Under the Royal Academy of Architecture
Math = beauty
Baroque opulence
Patron Louis XIV to show off his luxury and the splendor of France
Includes crystal chandeliers, silver furniture, marble walls, velvet and gold hangings,
498 people were required to bring the king his meals – “not private people”
Visual impact > comfort
240 ft hall of mirrors
Gardens designed by Andre le Notre on math and symmetry
“Symmetry always symmetry”

77. Vocabulary Baldacchino: a canopy placed over an altar or shrine
Genre painting: painting in which scenes of every day life are depicted.
Tenebroso: a dramatic dark and light contrast in a painting
Vanitas: a theme in still life painting that stresses the brevity of life and the folly of human vanity.

78. During the Baroque time period, France became a political and cultural center. Describe Versailles and how it is symbolic of Louis XIV’s cultural and political power.

79. Portrait of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Miguel Cabrera
Handout
Annotate

80. Summary Grand, majestic, colorful European art. Illusion
Floating figures
Trompe l’oeil
Tenebristic lighting
Interaction with the viewer
Naturalistic painters with dramatic contrasts

81. 1. In what specific ways does Mannerism reject Italian Art
1. In what specific ways does Mannerism reject Italian Art? Think of specific characteristics and examples.
2. How was the Northern Renaissance different than the Italian Renaissance?
3. What are some of the major characteristics that set the Northern Renaissance apart?
4. How did emerging nations influence art in the Baroque time period? Does each nation have a unique style? Or are there some similar elements that unite all Baroque art?
5. Baroque art emphasized time, light, and space? How? Give some specific examples.
6. What makes Baroque art dramatic, personal, and emotional? Give some examples.
7. Compare and contrast Caravaggio and Bernini? How are they similar and different as men? As Artists?
How did the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation influence Baroque art? Give specifics.
Define foreshortening

82. During the Baroque, commissions for portraits came from patrons with increasing frequency. Compare and contrast the styles of Vermeer, Rembrandt, and Rubens.

83. Short Essay
The Counter Reformation Baroque style focuses on astonishing and overpowering its audience. Art of this time was also enlisted in serving the purposes of the church militant.
The Aristocratic Baroque style focuses on glorifying the state and asserting national power and prestige.
The Bourgeois Baroque was marked by the concentration on down-to-earth common people of the middle class.
Choose and identify a work for one of the types of baroque art above. Identify the work and explain how it exemplifies the style you chose.