1. Confucius

2. Confucius
Born in 551 B.C.
died in 479 B.C.

3. Confucianism
Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order
What is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order?
a system of social and ethical philosophy
“only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”

4. Confucianism li ren rituals, norms, institutions, or mores
the outer, conforming aspect of Confucianism
ren
humaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue
the inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism

5. Li Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner
performed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role
universal harmony
no need for physical sanctions, laws, or punishment

6. Ren Relationship between "two persons”
extension of filial piety to all human beings
each role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties
reciprocity or mutual responsibility

7. Five relationships father-child ruler-subject husband-wife
elder brother-younger brother
friend-friend

8. Confucianism Persecuted in Qin Dynasty promoted by later rulers
221 B.C B.C.
promoted by later rulers

9. Confucianism reinforced by the civil examination system
“keju”: civil examination
from 605 to 1905