1. Legislative and Regulatory Framework in the UK
Regulatory Control Training Workshop
Regulatory Cooperation Forum
Peter Hughes
6-10 November, 2017
Morocco

2. Learning Objectives
After going through this presentation the participants are expected to be familiar with:
The legislative framework in the UK
The nuclear regulatory framework in the UK
The scope of the facilities and activities regulated in the UK by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR)
The basis of how ONR regulates
How the ONR is organised, staffed and has access to technical support
How the UK meets the essential elements of an effective regulatory framework.

3. Legislative framework

4. UK Legislative Framework
House of Commons – UK public elects Members
of Parliament to represent their interests an concerns. Party political system. Majority vote. Largest party forms a Government led by
the Prime Minister.
House of Lords – Majority are life peers,
appointed by the Queen on advice from the
Prime Minister.
New laws or amendments, Bills, are usually proposed annually in the Queen’s Speech. Bills start in the Commons or the Lords and go through two readings, a committee stage, a report stage, a third reading - in both Houses. Amendments are then considered and finally Royal Assent is given and the Bill becomes an Act of Parliament.
The Energy Act 2013 – established ONR and the revised nuclear regulatory framework in the UK from 1st April 2014.
Decisions should be made by suitably qualified and experienced persons within the RB. They should be based on sound expertise and adequate information: they should be based on “guess work”.

5. UK Legislative Framework
Key events and nuclear regulation in the UK
1937 Enrico Fermi experimentally achieved fission
1947 UK’s first reactor at Harwell – first in Europe
1954 UK Atomic Energy Authority established
1955 White Paper – A programme of nuclear power
1956 Calder Hall I opened by Queen Elizabeth II
1957 Calder Hall II connected – 6GW capacity promised by 1965.
1957 Fire at Windscale (INES 5) – facts suppressed for 30 years
1958 Calder Hall 3 connected
1959 Calder Hall 4, Chapelcross 1, 2 and 3 connected
Nuclear Installations (Licensing and Insurance) Act 1959 (1/4/1960) (E&W, S, NI) – except UKAEA and Gov. Departments. License plus conditions attached. £5m insurance fund.
1960 Chapelcross 4 connected.
1962 Berkeley 1 and 2, and Bradwell 1 and 2 connected
1964 Hunterston A1 and A2 connected…
Such was the interest in nuclear power and the priority devoted to it in those days that the first reactor, GLEEP, was operating by 15 August GLEEP (Graphite Low Energy Experimental Pile) was a low-power (3 kilowatt) graphite-moderated air-cooled reactor. The first reactor in Western Europe, it operated until The engineers at Harwell eventually decided that this small reactor should be put to some use, so the air that flowed over it was directed through an underground trench, where there were some pipes filled with water that connected to a secondary group of water-filled pipes that were used by the nearby establishments to heat offices.[1]
A successor to GLEEP, called BEPO (British Experimental Pile 0) was constructed based on the experience with GLEEP, and commenced operation in BEPO was shut down in 1968.
LIDO was an enriched uranium thermal swimming pool reactor which operated from 1956 to 1972 and was mainly used for shielding and nuclear physics experiments. It was fully dismantled and returned to a green field site in In the same building as LIDO, DAPHNE (Dido and Pluto Handmaiden for Nuclear Experiments) was constructed to test equipment used in experiments on the two larger reactors.
A pair of larger 26 MW reactors, DIDO and PLUTO, which used enriched uranium with a heavy water moderator came online in 1956 and 1957 respectively. These reactors were used primarily for testing the behaviour of different materials under intense neutron irradiation to help decide what materials to build reactor components out of. A sample could be irradiated for a few months to simulate the radiation dose that it would receive over the lifetime of a power reactor. Both reactors were also used for neutron scattering crystallography. They took over commercial isotope production from BEPO after that was shut down. DIDO and PLUTO themselves were shut down in 1990 and the fuel, moderator and some ancillary buildings removed. The GLEEP reactor and the hangar it was situated in were decommissioned The current plans are to decommission the BEPO, DIDO and PLUTO reactors by 2020.

6. UK Legislative Framework
1964 Hunterston A1 and A2 connected
1965 Hinkley Point A1 and A2, Trawsfynydd 1 and 2, Dungeness A1 and A2 connected.
Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (Compensation, Inspectors) UKAEA remains exempt from licensing
1966 Sizewell A1 and A2 connected.
1967 Oldbury 1 connected
1968 Oldbury 2 connected
1971 BNFL established and licensed - demerged from UKAEA
AGR programme and PWR during 80’s and 90s
1990 Privatisation of the industry – Defence Industry and UKAEA licenced
Over time the scope of the regulatory body increased from civil power and research reactors to include the civil and defence nuclear programmes.

7. UK Legislative Framework
1965
Commercial Nuclear Power and Civil Research Reactors Licenced
1971
Nuclear Fuel Production, Reprocessing and Storage Licenced
1990
UKAEA Research Reactors and facilities Licenced

8. UK Legislative Framework
Nuclear Installations Act Licensing
Heath and Safety at Work Act 1974 – Places responsibilities on operators of nuclear installations to reduce risks so far as is practicable (ALARP principle).
The Energy Act 2013 – modernises and creates ONR
Experience as lessons for others:
It is essential that for nuclear technology, nuclear laws need to be in place first;
The nuclear law needs to apply to all the facilities and activities being carried out;
That nuclear technology needs to be regulated by an independent nuclear regulator - self-regulation is not appropriate
Safety standards for reactors need to be applied in a consistent manner
Active in development of the IAEA Safety Standards to help member states
As the industry changes, so must the RB so that it can remain effective
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

9. The Energy Act 2013, Nuclear Installations Act, Licensing
Regulatory Framework

10. UK Regulatory Framework
Most recently The Energy Act 2013 created the Office for Nuclear Regulation as an independent Nuclear Regulatory body for Great Britain (E&W plus S).
Nuclear Safety: Health and Safety Executive’s Nuclear Directorate (Nuclear Installations Inspectorate)
Nuclear Security: Office for Civil Nuclear Security (OCNS)
UK Safeguards Office
Department for Transport’s Radioactive Materials Transport Team (RMTT)
The Act included the legislation to establish ONR, define its regulatory role with regard to nuclear safety, nuclear site health and safety, nuclear security, nuclear safeguards and transport.
The Act gives the responsibility to enforce the relevant provisions of the Nuclear Installations Act 1965, Nuclear Industry Security Regulations 2003 (NISR) and the Carriage of Dangerous Goods (CGD) 2009.
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

11. UK Regulatory Framework
Nuclear Installations Act 1965.
Requirement to be licenced
Exercise of control through the issue of permissions over certain processes
Provision of a legal regime regarding the liabilities of the licensee to third parties
Other legislation concerning nuclear installations includes:
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999
Environmental Impact Assessment for Decommissioning Reactors 1999
Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001
The Environment Agencies enforce:
Environmental Protection Act 1990, Environment Act 1995

12. Law Guidance Regulatory Framework Government (Policy and Strategy)
EU Dir2009/71
The Energy Act 2013
Law
Safety Fundamentals
Regulations
Safety Requirements
Guidance
Safety Guides
Government
(Policy and
Strategy)
HSW Act 1974
Nuclear Installations Act 1965
Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001 (REPPIR)
Ionising Radiations Regs 1985
Regulator
REPPIR 2001
ONR Safety Assessment Principles
ONR TAGs
ONR TIGs

13. UK Regulatory Framework
ONR’s coverage of civil nuclear facilities and activities
Nuclear Safety
Nuclear Security
Nuclear Safeguards
The Energy Act 2013
Nuclear Installations Act 1965
The Energy Act 2013
Euratom / IAEA
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.
The Energy Act 2013
Nuclear Industries Security Regulations

14. UK Regulatory Framework
Civil nuclear Regulatory Body
ONR
Nuclear Safety
Nuclear Security
Nuclear Safeguards
Environment Agency (England)
Natural Resources Wales
Scottish Environmental Protection Agency
The Energy Act 2013
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.
The Environment Act 1995

15. UK Regulatory Framework - Licensing
Licensing in the UK is a process in which a corporate body is granted a licence to use a defined site, for specified activities.
A nuclear site licence (with attached conditions) is granted for an indefinite period, providing there are no material changes to the basis for licensing
The nuclear site licence can cover the entire lifecycle of the facility from installation through until site clearance and remediation.
Three themes are addressed in licensing:
Capability, organisation and resources of the applicant corporate body;
The nature of the prescribed activities and the relevant safety case;
The nature and location of the site
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

16. UK Regulatory Framework – Activities
The License must be in force before a site may be used for installing or operating any nuclear reactor (except in a means of transport), or any other installation which may be prescribed.
The prescribed activities are:
Any process involved in manufacturing fuel from enriched U or Pu
Any process producing alloys or chemical compounds from enriched U or Pu
Manufacturing rigs incorporating enriched U or Pu for irradiation in a reactor
Installing a sub-critical nuclear installation in which a neutron chain reaction can be maintained
Processing irradiated nuclear fuel (except for assay purposes)
Storage of:
Fuel elements containing enriched U or Pu
Irradiated nuclear fuel
Bulk quantities of radioactive material produced or irradiated in the course of production or use of nuclear fuel
Extraction of Pu or U from irradiated materials or for enriching U
Production of isotopes from irradiated materials
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

17. UK Regulatory Framework – Activities
The Licensing regime covers:
nuclear power stations,
research reactors,
fuel manufacturing and isotope production facilities,
fuel reprocessing,
refuelling & maintenance of nuclear submarines;
manufacture and management of nuclear weapons and;
the bulk storage of certain types of radioactive materials.
Other types of installation may be prescribed from time to time. For example, the Government has declared an expectation that any future geological disposal facility would be licensed.
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

18. UK Regulatory Framework – Facilities
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.
UK = E, W, S & NI
GB = E, W and S

19. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
The NI Act 1965 requires ONR to attach conditions to each licence as it considers necessary in the interests of safety.
The Licence and the Licence Conditions apply at all times throughout the life of a licensed nuclear site.
The licence conditions provide the main basis for regulation by ONR.
The licence conditions are generally non-prescriptive and set goals which the licensee is responsible for meeting among other things applying detailed safety standards and safe procedures.
The licence conditions require the licensee to make and implement adequate arrangements to address the matters identified.
Each licensee can develop licence condition compliance arrangements which best suit its business while demonstrating safety is being managed properly.
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

20. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
Topic 1
Interpretation 2
Marking of the site boundary 3
Control of property transactions 4
Restrictions on nuclear matter on the site 5
Consignment of nuclear matter 6
Documents, records, authorities and certificates 7
Incidents on the site 8
Warning notices 9
Instructions to persons on the site
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

21. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
Topic 10
Training 11
Emergency arrangements 12
Duly authorised and other suitably qualified and experienced persons 13
Nuclear safety committee 14
Safety documentation 15
Periodic review 16
Site plans, designs and specifications 17
Management systems 18
Radiological protection
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

22. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
Topic 19
Construction or installation of new plant 20
Modification to design of plant under construction 21
Commissioning 22
Modification or experiment on existing plant 23
Operating rules 24
Operating instructions 25
Operational records 26
Control and supervision of operations 27
Safety mechanisms, devices and circuits
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

23. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
Topic 28
Examination, inspection, maintenance and testing 29
Duty to carry out tests, inspections and examinations 30
Periodic shutdown 31
Shutdown of specified operations 32
Accumulation of radioactive waste 33
Disposal of radioactive waste 34
Leakage and escape of radioactive material and radioactive waste 35
Decommissioning 36
Organisational capability
commercial nuclear power was licensed from 1959 research was exempted from licensing. Demerger (1971) and privatisation (1990) of the research organizations brought the research activities into the scope of the NII licensable activities.
Results of this exemption were lower standards of safety in more hazardous activities
Difficult, lengthy process to establish consistency, raise standards in a sector of the industry chronically underfunded and essentially moribund.

24. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
Licence Condition 22: Modification or experiment on existing plant
1 The licensee shall make and implement adequate arrangements to control any modification or experiment carried out on any part of the existing plant or processes which may affect safety.
2 The licensee shall submit to ONR for approval such part or parts of the aforesaid arrangements as ONR may specify.
3 The licensee shall ensure that once approved no alteration or amendment is made to the approved arrangements unless ONR has approved such alteration or amendment.

25. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
Licence Condition 22: Modification or experiment on existing plant
4 The aforesaid arrangements shall provide for the classification of modifications or experiments according to their safety significance. The arrangements shall where appropriate divide the modification or experiment into stages. Where ONR so specifies the licensee shall not commence nor thereafter proceed from one stage to the next of the modification or experiment without the consent of ONR. The arrangements shall include a requirement for the provision of adequate documentation to justify the safety of the proposed modification or experiment and shall where appropriate provide for the submission of the documentation to ONR.
5 The licensee shall, if so directed by ONR, halt the modification or experiment and the licensee shall not recommence such modifications or experiment without the consent of ONR.
Approval, Specification, Consent and Direction relate to ONR powers

26. UK Regulatory Framework – Licence Conditions
The licensee’s management system will incorporate the arrangements which it has developed to meet the requirements of the licence conditions.
ONR reviews the licensee’s licence condition compliance arrangements to ensure:
they are clear and unambiguous and
address the main safety issues adequately.
Procedures which comply with nuclear site licence conditions are likely to satisfy the requirements of other health and safety legislation under the HSW Act which relate to nuclear hazards, for example the Management of Heath and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSW).
However, compliance with these other requirements must still be demonstrated.

27. UK Regulatory Framework – Purposes
The Energy Act 2013
Nuclear safety purposes: protecting persons against risks of harm from ionising radiation for GB nuclear sites including through-
The design an construction of relevant nuclear installations and their associated sites
Arrangements for the operation and decommissioning… nuclear installations
Arrangements for storage and use of nuclear material on GB nuclear sites
Arrangements to minimise those risk in the event of an escape of such ionising radiations
Nuclear site health and safety purposes: Health and Safety at Work Act Part I
Nuclear security purposes: of ensuring the security of:
Civil nuclear premises
Nuclear material on civil premises
Other radioactive material on civil premises
Civil nuclear construction sites
Equipment and software associated with enrichment
Sensitive nuclear information
Nuclear material transport
Information associated with a) to g) above

28. UK Regulatory Framework – Purposes
The Energy Act 2013
Nuclear safeguards purposes:
ensuring compliance by the United Kingdom or, as the case may be, enabling or facilitating compliance by a Minister of the Crown, with the safeguards obligations, and
the development of any future safeguards obligations
Transport purposes:
protecting against risks relating to the civil transport of radioactive material in Great Britain by road, rail or inland waterway which arise out of, or in connection with, the radioactive nature of the material, and
ensuring the security of radioactive material during civil transport in Great Britain by road, rail or inland waterway.

29. UK Regulatory Framework – Functions
ONR’s Principal Function:
The ONR must do whatever it considers appropriate for the ONR’s purposes.
That includes, so far as it considers appropriate, assisting and encouraging others to further those purposes.
Codes of Practice
Propose Orders and Regulations
Enforce
Appoint Inspectors
Investigate
Direct Inquiry
Provide Information (FOI)
Research, Training etc.
Obtain Information
Charge fees for the conduct of its functions
ONR Mission: The Office for Nuclear Regulation's mission is to provide efficient and effective regulation of the nuclear industry, holding it to account on behalf of the public.

30. UK Regulatory Framework – Regulating
Permissioning Inspection: Before ONR gives permission (authorizes) key activities, it assess licensees safety cases, on a sample basis according to potential consequences, to ensure that the hazards have been understood and are properly controlled.
Compliance Inspection: ONR checks that licensees comply with their license conditions through planned inspections, on a sample basis according to information derived from safety cases and other operational intelligence
Enforcement: ONR undertakes the full spectrum of enforcement activities, from the provision of advice through to prosecution.
Influence: ONR seeks to use its influence to gain improvements in areas which are difficult to regulate such as safety culture, leadership and vision.

31. UK Regulatory Framework – Staffing
ONR is made up of site inspectors and specialist inspectors, drawn from various professional fields including:
civil engineering,
radiological protection,
human factors,
chemical engineering,
mechanical engineering,
electrical, control and instrumentation and
nuclear physics.
The inspectors are supported up by a business support team, which ensures that the Programme functions effectively and efficiently, ensuring that the necessary administration and legal considerations are in order, handling enquiries from members of the public and other parties, and maintaining the lines of communication between inspectors and licensees

32. UK Regulatory Framework – Organization
Every licensed site has a nominated site inspector who is ONR's primary point of contact for that site.
The inspector typically spends around one week in four at the site, conducts routine site inspection for compliance with licence conditions, follows up incidents and events at the site.
The inspector liaises with the licensees personnel giving advice on how to comply with legal requirements, assessing the adequacy of safety cases and most importantly ensuring that risks to workers and members of the public are reduced so far as is reasonably practicable.
The site inspector also leads on ongoing longer term work such as the sites ten-yearly periodic safety review, oversees ONR's permissioning activity, observes emergency exercises and reports to the sites community or stakeholder liaison group on a quarterly basis, also appearing at its meetings to answer questions from members of the public.

33. UK Regulatory Framework – Organization
Supporting the site inspectors are teams of specialist inspectors from ONR's specialist assessment units, whom the site inspector can draw upon for in-depth specialist expert assessment and advice.
The specialist inspectors are called onto site to support particular inspections, or to work from ONR's offices in Bootle, Cheltenham or London, examining submissions of information from licensees (such as safety cases), making judgements on requests for permissioning, conducting research and sometimes commissioning testing and analysis to validate, or challenge licensee arguments.
Regulatory decision making by site and specialist inspectors is overseen by relevant Superintending Inspectors, who in turn report to the Deputy Chief Inspector (DCI) and head of the Programme. The DCI is also responsible for setting the Programme strategy, priorities and ensuring that the Programme conducts appropriate engagement with important stakeholders, including members of the public.

34. UK Regulatory Framework – Organization

35. UK Regulatory Framework – Support
ONR makes use of a number of organizations, or contractors to support its activities.
Technical support contractors (TSC) are contracted to:
carry out detailed technical assessments e.g. modelling of reactor accident analysis to confirm the results provided by a licensee
directly support assessment or inspection activities in an embedded inspector role, or;
provide advice to inspectors on specific technical areas associated with nuclear safety problems or areas needing research.
The nature of these contracts is by open competitive tender. Contracts are awarded based on the best expertise available to support and advise ONR. ONR is free to seek support from contractors globally.

36. Regulatory Body - Support
Embed
Regulatory
Body
ONR
If not self sufficient external advice can be sought – TSO etc
Technical Support Organisation
Expert
TSC 1
TSC 2
TSC – Technical Support Contractor

37. Regulatory Body - Support
Independence vs Interdependence
Regulatory body specialist inspector
Specialist inspector places contract(s) for advice or assistance to be provided
Specialist inspector reviews the advice provided and forms a judgement on its merits
Advice informs the specialist inspectors activities
Intelligent customer role
External Advice and Assistance
e.g. Technical Support Organisation, University, world expert - contracted to provide advice to the specialist inspector
Must be independent from the Operating Organisation
expertise in specific technologies
capability to run analytical processes
Provides written reports
If not self sufficient external advice can be sought – TSO etc

38. UK Regulatory Framework – International
ONR strategy highlights the importance of international work.
UK is committed to raising standards of nuclear safety and security. 
UK signed up to, and is bound by a number of European* and international agreements designed to ensure high levels of nuclear safety globally and work undertaken by organisations such as the European Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) can have a direct bearing on the way we regulate in the UK.
ONR participates in a number of European and international forums and works closely with overseas regulators, e.g.
International Convention on Nuclear Safety
Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management

39. Check against Essential Elements
Summary

40. UK Regulatory Framework – Essential Elements
Topic UK 1
Establish effective and independent RB
Yes. The Energy Act 2013 for ONR. 2
Safety Principles
Yes. SAPs but not yet discussed (Mod 3 and 7) 3
Types of facility
Yes. 36 licensed sites. 4
Type of authorisation.
Permissions. Not discussed in detail. (Mod 3 and 7) 5
Assigning legal responsibility for facilities and activities.
Yes. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 – reducing risks.
Yes. NI Act prescribed activities and licensing. 6
Involvement of interested parties.
Yes. (Mod 5) 7
Review and assessment and inspection.
Yes. Plus Mod 7.

41. UK Regulatory Framework – Essential Elements
Topic UK 8
Appeals against decisions
Yes. Complaints process established. 9
Financial provisions for RWM
Yes. Nuclear Decommissioning Agency. Regulations in place for reactor decommissioning EIADR Regulations. 10
Release from regulatory control.
Not ONR. Environment regulators. – EA, SEPA and NRW. 11
Offences and penalties.
Yes. NI Act originally specified and limits in TEA Determined by prosecution in court. Crown Court penalties can be custodial and fines unlimited. 12
Provision for acquiring and retaining competence.
Yes. Mod 8. 13
Emergency response.
Yes. NI Act LC 11 and R(EPPI)R 2000 14
Interface to security
Yes. Security is integrated in ONR.

42. Thank you

43. References
How Parliament Works - Office for Nuclear Regulation - A guide to Nuclear Regulation in the UK 2016 update Licence condition handbook

44. UK Regulatory Framework – Mission
ONR Mission: The Office for Nuclear Regulation's mission is to provide efficient and effective regulation of the nuclear industry, holding it to account on behalf of the public.